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Recommended single-node OpenShift cluster configuration for vDU application workloads

Use the following reference information to understand the single-node OpenShift configurations required to deploy virtual distributed unit (vDU) applications in the cluster. Configurations include cluster optimizations for high performance workloads, enabling workload partitioning, and minimizing the number of reboots required post-installation.

Additional resources

Running low latency applications on OKD

OKD enables low latency processing for applications running on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware by using several technologies and specialized hardware devices:

Real-time kernel for RHCOS

Ensures workloads are handled with a high degree of process determinism.

CPU isolation

Avoids CPU scheduling delays and ensures CPU capacity is available consistently.

NUMA-aware topology management

Aligns memory and huge pages with CPU and PCI devices to pin guaranteed container memory and huge pages to the non-uniform memory access (NUMA) node. Pod resources for all Quality of Service (QoS) classes stay on the same NUMA node. This decreases latency and improves performance of the node.

Huge pages memory management

Using huge page sizes improves system performance by reducing the amount of system resources required to access page tables.

Precision timing synchronization using PTP

Allows synchronization between nodes in the network with sub-microsecond accuracy.

Recommended cluster host requirements for vDU application workloads

Running vDU application workloads requires a bare-metal host with sufficient resources to run OKD services and production workloads.

Table 1. Minimum resource requirements
Profile vCPU Memory Storage

Minimum

4 to 8 vCPU cores

32GB of RAM

120GB

One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio:

  • (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs

The server must have a Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) when booting with virtual media.

Configuring host firmware for low latency and high performance

Bare-metal hosts require the firmware to be configured before the host can be provisioned. The firmware configuration is dependent on the specific hardware and the particular requirements of your installation.

Procedure

  1. Set the UEFI/BIOS Boot Mode to UEFI.

  2. In the host boot sequence order, set Hard drive first.

  3. Apply the specific firmware configuration for your hardware. The following table describes a representative firmware configuration for an Intel Xeon Skylake or Intel Cascade Lake server, based on the Intel FlexRAN 4G and 5G baseband PHY reference design.

    The exact firmware configuration depends on your specific hardware and network requirements. The following sample configuration is for illustrative purposes only.
    Table 2. Sample firmware configuration for an Intel Xeon Skylake or Cascade Lake server
    Firmware setting Configuration

    CPU Power and Performance Policy

    Performance

    Uncore Frequency Scaling

    Disabled

    Performance P-limit

    Disabled

    Enhanced Intel SpeedStep ® Tech

    Enabled

    Intel Configurable TDP

    Enabled

    Configurable TDP Level

    Level 2

    Intel® Turbo Boost Technology

    Enabled

    Energy Efficient Turbo

    Disabled

    Hardware P-States

    Disabled

    Package C-State

    C0/C1 state

    C1E

    Disabled

    Processor C6

    Disabled

Enable global SR-IOV and VT-d settings in the firmware for the host. These settings are relevant to bare-metal environments.

Connectivity prerequisites for managed cluster networks

Before you can install and provision a managed cluster with the zero touch provisioning (ZTP) GitOps pipeline, the managed cluster host must meet the following networking prerequisites:

  • There must be bi-directional connectivity between the ZTP GitOps container in the hub cluster and the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) of the target bare-metal host.

  • The managed cluster must be able to resolve and reach the API hostname of the hub hostname and *.apps hostname. Here is an example of the API hostname of the hub and *.apps hostname:

    • api.hub-cluster.internal.domain.com

    • console-openshift-console.apps.hub-cluster.internal.domain.com

  • The hub cluster must be able to resolve and reach the API and *.apps hostname of the managed cluster. Here is an example of the API hostname of the managed cluster and *.apps hostname:

    • api.sno-managed-cluster-1.internal.domain.com

    • console-openshift-console.apps.sno-managed-cluster-1.internal.domain.com

Recommended installation-time cluster configurations

The ZTP pipeline applies the following custom resources (CRs) during cluster installation. These configuration CRs ensure that the cluster meets the feature and performance requirements necessary for running a vDU application.

When using the ZTP GitOps plugin and SiteConfig CRs for cluster deployment, the following MachineConfig CRs are included by default.

Use the SiteConfig extraManifests filter to alter the CRs that are included by default. For more information, see Advanced managed cluster configuration with SiteConfig CRs.

Workload partitioning

Single-node OpenShift clusters that run DU workloads require workload partitioning. This limits the cores allowed to run platform services, maximizing the CPU core for application payloads.

Workload partitioning can only be enabled during cluster installation. You cannot disable workload partitioning post-installation. However, you can reconfigure workload partitioning by updating the cpu value that you define in the performance profile, and in the related MachineConfig custom resource (CR).

  • The base64-encoded CR that enables workload partitioning contains the CPU set that the management workloads are constrained to. Encode host-specific values for crio.conf and kubelet.conf in base64. Adjust the content to match the CPU set that is specified in the cluster performance profile. It must match the number of cores in the cluster host.

    Recommended workload partitioning configuration
    apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
kind: MachineConfig
metadata:
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: master
  name: 02-master-workload-partitioning
spec:
  config:
    ignition:
      version: 3.2.0
    storage:
      files:
      - contents:
          source: data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,W2NyaW8ucnVudGltZS53b3JrbG9hZHMubWFuYWdlbWVudF0KYWN0aXZhdGlvbl9hbm5vdGF0aW9uID0gInRhcmdldC53b3JrbG9hZC5vcGVuc2hpZnQuaW8vbWFuYWdlbWVudCIKYW5ub3RhdGlvbl9wcmVmaXggPSAicmVzb3VyY2VzLndvcmtsb2FkLm9wZW5zaGlmdC5pbyIKcmVzb3VyY2VzID0geyAiY3B1c2hhcmVzIiA9IDAsICJjcHVzZXQiID0gIjAtMSw1Mi01MyIgfQo=
        mode: 420
        overwrite: true
        path: /etc/crio/crio.conf.d/01-workload-partitioning
        user:
          name: root
      - contents:
          source: data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,ewogICJtYW5hZ2VtZW50IjogewogICAgImNwdXNldCI6ICIwLTEsNTItNTMiCiAgfQp9Cg==
        mode: 420
        overwrite: true
        path: /etc/kubernetes/openshift-workload-pinning
        user:
          name: root

  • When configured in the cluster host, the contents of /etc/crio/crio.conf.d/01-workload-partitioning should look like this:

    [crio.runtime.workloads.management]
activation_annotation = "target.workload.openshift.io/management"
annotation_prefix = "resources.workload.openshift.io"
resources = { "cpushares" = 0, "cpuset" = "0-1,52-53" } (1)
    1 The CPUs value varies based on the installation.

    If Hyper-Threading is enabled, specify both threads for each core. The CPUs value must match the reserved CPU set specified in the performance profile.

  • When configured in the cluster, the contents of /etc/kubernetes/openshift-workload-pinning should look like this:

    {
  "management": {
    "cpuset": "0-1,52-53" (1)
  }
}
    1 The cpuset must match the CPUs value in /etc/crio/crio.conf.d/01-workload-partitioning.

Reduced platform management footprint

To reduce the overall management footprint of the platform, a MachineConfig custom resource (CR) is required that places all Kubernetes-specific mount points in a new namespace separate from the host operating system. The following base64-encoded example MachineConfig CR illustrates this configuration.

Recommended container mount namespace configuration
apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
kind: MachineConfig
metadata:
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: master
  name: container-mount-namespace-and-kubelet-conf-master
spec:
  config:
    ignition:
      version: 3.2.0
    storage:
      files:
      - contents:
          source: data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,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
        mode: 493
        path: /usr/local/bin/extractExecStart
      - contents:
          source: data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,IyEvYmluL2Jhc2gKbnNlbnRlciAtLW1vdW50PS9ydW4vY29udGFpbmVyLW1vdW50LW5hbWVzcGFjZS9tbnQgIiRAIgo=
        mode: 493
        path: /usr/local/bin/nsenterCmns
    systemd:
      units:
      - contents: |
          [Unit]
          Description=Manages a mount namespace that both kubelet and crio can use to share their container-specific mounts

          [Service]
          Type=oneshot
          RemainAfterExit=yes
          RuntimeDirectory=container-mount-namespace
          Environment=RUNTIME_DIRECTORY=%t/container-mount-namespace
          Environment=BIND_POINT=%t/container-mount-namespace/mnt
          ExecStartPre=bash -c "findmnt ${RUNTIME_DIRECTORY} || mount --make-unbindable --bind ${RUNTIME_DIRECTORY} ${RUNTIME_DIRECTORY}"
          ExecStartPre=touch ${BIND_POINT}
          ExecStart=unshare --mount=${BIND_POINT} --propagation slave mount --make-rshared /
          ExecStop=umount -R ${RUNTIME_DIRECTORY}
        enabled: true
        name: container-mount-namespace.service
      - dropins:
        - contents: |
            [Unit]
            Wants=container-mount-namespace.service
            After=container-mount-namespace.service

            [Service]
            ExecStartPre=/usr/local/bin/extractExecStart %n /%t/%N-execstart.env ORIG_EXECSTART
            EnvironmentFile=-/%t/%N-execstart.env
            ExecStart=
            ExecStart=bash -c "nsenter --mount=%t/container-mount-namespace/mnt \
                ${ORIG_EXECSTART}"
          name: 90-container-mount-namespace.conf
        name: crio.service
      - dropins:
        - contents: |
            [Unit]
            Wants=container-mount-namespace.service
            After=container-mount-namespace.service

            [Service]
            ExecStartPre=/usr/local/bin/extractExecStart %n /%t/%N-execstart.env ORIG_EXECSTART
            EnvironmentFile=-/%t/%N-execstart.env
            ExecStart=
            ExecStart=bash -c "nsenter --mount=%t/container-mount-namespace/mnt \
                ${ORIG_EXECSTART} --housekeeping-interval=30s"
          name: 90-container-mount-namespace.conf
        - contents: |
            [Service]
            Environment="OPENSHIFT_MAX_HOUSEKEEPING_INTERVAL_DURATION=60s"
            Environment="OPENSHIFT_EVICTION_MONITORING_PERIOD_DURATION=30s"
          name: 30-kubelet-interval-tuning.conf
        name: kubelet.service

SCTP

Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a key protocol used in RAN applications. This MachineConfig object adds the SCTP kernel module to the node to enable this protocol.

Recommended SCTP configuration
apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
kind: MachineConfig
metadata:
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: master
  name: load-sctp-module
spec:
  config:
    ignition:
      version: 2.2.0
    storage:
      files:
        - contents:
            source: data:,
            verification: {}
          filesystem: root
            mode: 420
            path: /etc/modprobe.d/sctp-blacklist.conf
        - contents:
            source: data:text/plain;charset=utf-8,sctp
          filesystem: root
            mode: 420
            path: /etc/modules-load.d/sctp-load.conf

Accelerated container startup

The following MachineConfig CR configures core OpenShift processes and containers to use all available CPU cores during system startup and shutdown. This accelerates the system recovery during initial boot and reboots.

Recommended accelerated container startup configuration
apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
kind: MachineConfig
metadata:
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: master
  name: 04-accelerated-container-startup-master
spec:
  config:
    ignition:
      version: 3.2.0
    storage:
      files:
      - contents:
          source: data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,#!/bin/bash
#
# Temporarily reset the core system processes's CPU affinity to be unrestricted to accelerate startup and shutdown
#
# The defaults below can be overridden via environment variables
#

# The default set of critical processes whose affinity should be temporarily unbound:
CRITICAL_PROCESSES=${CRITICAL_PROCESSES:-"systemd ovs crio kubelet NetworkManager conmon dbus"}

# Default wait time is 600s = 10m:
MAXIMUM_WAIT_TIME=${MAXIMUM_WAIT_TIME:-600}

# Default steady-state threshold = 2%
# Allowed values:
#  4  - absolute pod count (+/-)
#  4% - percent change (+/-)
#  -1 - disable the steady-state check
STEADY_STATE_THRESHOLD=${STEADY_STATE_THRESHOLD:-2%}

# Default steady-state window = 60s
# If the running pod count stays within the given threshold for this time
# period, return CPU utilization to normal before the maximum wait time has
# expires
STEADY_STATE_WINDOW=${STEADY_STATE_WINDOW:-60}

# Default steady-state allows any pod count to be "steady state"
# Increasing this will skip any steady-state checks until the count rises above
# this number to avoid false positives if there are some periods where the
# count doesn't increase but we know we can't be at steady-state yet.
STEADY_STATE_MINIMUM=${STEADY_STATE_MINIMUM:-0}

#######################################################

KUBELET_CPU_STATE=/var/lib/kubelet/cpu_manager_state
FULL_CPU_STATE=/sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset/cpuset.cpus
unrestrictedCpuset() {
  local cpus
  if [[ -e $KUBELET_CPU_STATE ]]; then
      cpus=$(jq -r '.defaultCpuSet' <$KUBELET_CPU_STATE)
  fi
  if [[ -z $cpus ]]; then
    # fall back to using all cpus if the kubelet state is not configured yet
    [[ -e $FULL_CPU_STATE ]] || return 1
    cpus=$(<$FULL_CPU_STATE)
  fi
  echo $cpus
}

restrictedCpuset() {
  for arg in $(</proc/cmdline); do
    if [[ $arg =~ ^systemd.cpu_affinity= ]]; then
      echo ${arg#*=}
      return 0
    fi
  done
  return 1
}

getCPUCount () {
  local cpuset="$1"
  local cpulist=()
  local cpus=0
  local mincpus=2

  if [[ -z $cpuset || $cpuset =~ [^0-9,-] ]]; then
    echo $mincpus
    return 1
  fi

  IFS=',' read -ra cpulist <<< $cpuset

  for elm in "${cpulist[@]}"; do
    if [[ $elm =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
      (( cpus++ ))
    elif [[ $elm =~ ^[0-9]+-[0-9]+$ ]]; then
      local low=0 high=0
      IFS='-' read low high <<< $elm
      (( cpus += high - low + 1 ))
    else
      echo $mincpus
      return 1
    fi
  done

  # Return a minimum of 2 cpus
  echo $(( cpus > $mincpus ? cpus : $mincpus ))
  return 0
}

resetOVSthreads () {
  local cpucount="$1"
  local curRevalidators=0
  local curHandlers=0
  local desiredRevalidators=0
  local desiredHandlers=0
  local rc=0

  curRevalidators=$(ps -Teo pid,tid,comm,cmd | grep -e revalidator | grep -c ovs-vswitchd)
  curHandlers=$(ps -Teo pid,tid,comm,cmd | grep -e handler | grep -c ovs-vswitchd)

  # Calculate the desired number of threads the same way OVS does.
  # OVS will set these thread count as a one shot process on startup, so we
  # have to adjust up or down during the boot up process. The desired outcome is
  # to not restrict the number of thread at startup until we reach a steady
  # state.  At which point we need to reset these based on our restricted  set
  # of cores.
  # See OVS function that calculates these thread counts:
  # https://github.com/openvswitch/ovs/blob/master/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.c#L635
  (( desiredRevalidators=$cpucount / 4 + 1 ))
  (( desiredHandlers=$cpucount - $desiredRevalidators ))


  if [[ $curRevalidators -ne $desiredRevalidators || $curHandlers -ne $desiredHandlers ]]; then

    logger "Recovery: Re-setting OVS revalidator threads: ${curRevalidators} -> ${desiredRevalidators}"
    logger "Recovery: Re-setting OVS handler threads: ${curHandlers} -> ${desiredHandlers}"

    ovs-vsctl set \
      Open_vSwitch . \
      other-config:n-handler-threads=${desiredHandlers} \
      other-config:n-revalidator-threads=${desiredRevalidators}
    rc=$?
  fi

  return $rc
}

resetAffinity() {
  local cpuset="$1"
  local failcount=0
  local successcount=0
  logger "Recovery: Setting CPU affinity for critical processes \"$CRITICAL_PROCESSES\" to $cpuset"
  for proc in $CRITICAL_PROCESSES; do
    local pids="$(pgrep $proc)"
    for pid in $pids; do
      local tasksetOutput
      tasksetOutput="$(taskset -apc "$cpuset" $pid 2>&1)"
      if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
        echo "ERROR: $tasksetOutput"
        ((failcount++))
      else
        ((successcount++))
      fi
    done
  done

  resetOVSthreads "$(getCPUCount ${cpuset})"
  if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
    ((failcount++))
  else
    ((successcount++))
  fi

  logger "Recovery: Re-affined $successcount pids successfully"
  if [[ $failcount -gt 0 ]]; then
    logger "Recovery: Failed to re-affine $failcount processes"
    return 1
  fi
}

setUnrestricted() {
  logger "Recovery: Setting critical system processes to have unrestricted CPU access"
  resetAffinity "$(unrestrictedCpuset)"
}

setRestricted() {
  logger "Recovery: Resetting critical system processes back to normally restricted access"
  resetAffinity "$(restrictedCpuset)"
}

currentAffinity() {
  local pid="$1"
  taskset -pc $pid | awk -F': ' '{print $2}'
}

within() {
  local last=$1 current=$2 threshold=$3
  local delta=0 pchange
  delta=$(( current - last ))
  if [[ $current -eq $last ]]; then
    pchange=0
  elif [[ $last -eq 0 ]]; then
    pchange=1000000
  else
    pchange=$(( ( $delta * 100) / last ))
  fi
  echo -n "last:$last current:$current delta:$delta pchange:${pchange}%: "
  local absolute limit
  case $threshold in
    *%)
      absolute=${pchange##-} # absolute value
      limit=${threshold%%%}
      ;;
    *)
      absolute=${delta##-} # absolute value
      limit=$threshold
      ;;
  esac
  if [[ $absolute -le $limit ]]; then
    echo "within (+/-)$threshold"
    return 0
  else
    echo "outside (+/-)$threshold"
    return 1
  fi
}

steadystate() {
  local last=$1 current=$2
  if [[ $last -lt $STEADY_STATE_MINIMUM ]]; then
    echo "last:$last current:$current Waiting to reach $STEADY_STATE_MINIMUM before checking for steady-state"
    return 1
  fi
  within $last $current $STEADY_STATE_THRESHOLD
}

waitForReady() {
  logger "Recovery: Waiting ${MAXIMUM_WAIT_TIME}s for the initialization to complete"
  local lastSystemdCpuset="$(currentAffinity 1)"
  local lastDesiredCpuset="$(unrestrictedCpuset)"
  local t=0 s=10
  local lastCcount=0 ccount=0 steadyStateTime=0
  while [[ $t -lt $MAXIMUM_WAIT_TIME ]]; do
    sleep $s
    ((t += s))
    # Re-check the current affinity of systemd, in case some other process has changed it
    local systemdCpuset="$(currentAffinity 1)"
    # Re-check the unrestricted Cpuset, as the allowed set of unreserved cores may change as pods are assigned to cores
    local desiredCpuset="$(unrestrictedCpuset)"
    if [[ $systemdCpuset != $lastSystemdCpuset || $lastDesiredCpuset != $desiredCpuset ]]; then
      resetAffinity "$desiredCpuset"
      lastSystemdCpuset="$(currentAffinity 1)"
      lastDesiredCpuset="$desiredCpuset"
    fi

    # Detect steady-state pod count
    ccount=$(crictl ps | wc -l)
    if steadystate $lastCcount $ccount; then
      ((steadyStateTime += s))
      echo "Steady-state for ${steadyStateTime}s/${STEADY_STATE_WINDOW}s"
      if [[ $steadyStateTime -ge $STEADY_STATE_WINDOW ]]; then
        logger "Recovery: Steady-state (+/- $STEADY_STATE_THRESHOLD) for ${STEADY_STATE_WINDOW}s: Done"
        return 0
      fi
    else
      if [[ $steadyStateTime -gt 0 ]]; then
        echo "Resetting steady-state timer"
        steadyStateTime=0
      fi
    fi
    lastCcount=$ccount
  done
  logger "Recovery: Recovery Complete Timeout"
}

main() {
  if ! unrestrictedCpuset >&/dev/null; then
    logger "Recovery: No unrestricted Cpuset could be detected"
    return 1
  fi

  if ! restrictedCpuset >&/dev/null; then
    logger "Recovery: No restricted Cpuset has been configured.  We are already running unrestricted."
    return 0
  fi

  # Ensure we reset the CPU affinity when we exit this script for any reason
  # This way either after the timer expires or after the process is interrupted
  # via ^C or SIGTERM, we return things back to the way they should be.
  trap setRestricted EXIT

  logger "Recovery: Recovery Mode Starting"
  setUnrestricted
  waitForReady
}

if [[ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" = "${0}" ]]; then
  main "${@}"
  exit $?
fi

        mode: 493
        path: /usr/local/bin/accelerated-container-startup.sh
    systemd:
      units:
      - contents: |
          [Unit]
          Description=Unlocks more CPUs for critical system processes during container startup

          [Service]
          Type=simple
          ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/accelerated-container-startup.sh

          # Maximum wait time is 600s = 10m:
          Environment=MAXIMUM_WAIT_TIME=600

          # Steady-state threshold = 2%
          # Allowed values:
          #  4  - absolute pod count (+/-)
          #  4% - percent change (+/-)
          #  -1 - disable the steady-state check
          # Note: '%' must be escaped as '%%' in systemd unit files
          Environment=STEADY_STATE_THRESHOLD=2%%

          # Steady-state window = 120s
          # If the running pod count stays within the given threshold for this time
          # period, return CPU utilization to normal before the maximum wait time has
          # expires
          Environment=STEADY_STATE_WINDOW=120

          # Steady-state minimum = 40
          # Increasing this will skip any steady-state checks until the count rises above
          # this number to avoid false positives if there are some periods where the
          # count doesn't increase but we know we can't be at steady-state yet.
          Environment=STEADY_STATE_MINIMUM=40

          [Install]
          WantedBy=multi-user.target
        enabled: true
        name: accelerated-container-startup.service
      - contents: |
          [Unit]
          Description=Unlocks more CPUs for critical system processes during container shutdown
          DefaultDependencies=no

          [Service]
          Type=simple
          ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/accelerated-container-startup.sh

          # Maximum wait time is 600s = 10m:
          Environment=MAXIMUM_WAIT_TIME=600

          # Steady-state threshold
          # Allowed values:
          #  4  - absolute pod count (+/-)
          #  4% - percent change (+/-)
          #  -1 - disable the steady-state check
          # Note: '%' must be escaped as '%%' in systemd unit files
          Environment=STEADY_STATE_THRESHOLD=-1

          # Steady-state window = 60s
          # If the running pod count stays within the given threshold for this time
          # period, return CPU utilization to normal before the maximum wait time has
          # expires
          Environment=STEADY_STATE_WINDOW=60

          [Install]
          WantedBy=shutdown.target reboot.target halt.target
        enabled: true
        name: accelerated-container-shutdown.service

Automatic kernel crash dumps with kdump

kdump is a Linux kernel feature that creates a kernel crash dump when the kernel crashes. kdump is enabled with the following MachineConfig CR:

Recommended kdump configuration
apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
kind: MachineConfig
metadata:
  labels:
    machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: master
  name: 06-kdump-enable-master
spec:
  config:
    ignition:
      version: 3.2.0
    systemd:
      units:
      - enabled: true
        name: kdump.service
  kernelArguments:
    - crashkernel=512M

Recommended post-installation cluster configurations

When the cluster installation is complete, the ZTP pipeline applies the following custom resources (CRs) that are required to run DU workloads.

In GitOps ZTP v4.10 and earlier, you configure UEFI secure boot with a MachineConfig CR. This is no longer required in GitOps ZTP v4.11 and later. In v4.11, you configure UEFI secure boot for single-node OpenShift clusters using Performance profile CRs. For more information, see Performance profile.

Operator namespaces and Operator groups

Single-node OpenShift clusters that run DU workloads require the following OperatorGroup and Namespace custom resources (CRs):

  • Local Storage Operator

  • Logging Operator

  • PTP Operator

  • SR-IOV Network Operator

The following YAML summarizes these CRs:

Recommended Operator Namespace and OperatorGroup configuration
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  annotations:
    workload.openshift.io/allowed: management
  name: openshift-local-storage
---
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1
kind: OperatorGroup
metadata:
  name: openshift-local-storage
  namespace: openshift-local-storage
spec:
  targetNamespaces:
    - openshift-local-storage
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  annotations:
    workload.openshift.io/allowed: management
  name: openshift-logging
---
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1
kind: OperatorGroup
metadata:
  name: cluster-logging
  namespace: openshift-logging
spec:
  targetNamespaces:
    - openshift-logging
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  annotations:
    workload.openshift.io/allowed: management
  labels:
    openshift.io/cluster-monitoring: "true"
  name: openshift-ptp
---
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1
kind: OperatorGroup
metadata:
  name: ptp-operators
  namespace: openshift-ptp
spec:
  targetNamespaces:
    - openshift-ptp
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  annotations:
    workload.openshift.io/allowed: management
    name: openshift-sriov-network-operator
---
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1
kind: OperatorGroup
metadata:
  name: sriov-network-operators
  namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator
spec:
  targetNamespaces:
    - openshift-sriov-network-operator

Operator subscriptions

Single-node OpenShift clusters that run DU workloads require the following Subscription CRs. The subscription provides the location to download the following Operators:

  • Local Storage Operator

  • Logging Operator

  • PTP Operator

  • SR-IOV Network Operator

Recommended Operator subscriptions
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: cluster-logging
  namespace: openshift-logging
spec:
  channel: "stable" (1)
  name: cluster-logging
  source: redhat-operators
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace
  installPlanApproval: Manual (2)
---
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: local-storage-operator
  namespace: openshift-local-storage
spec:
  channel: "stable"
  installPlanApproval: Automatic
  name: local-storage-operator
  source: redhat-operators
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace
  installPlanApproval: Manual
---
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
    name: ptp-operator-subscription
    namespace: openshift-ptp
spec:
  channel: "stable"
  name: ptp-operator
  source: redhat-operators
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace
  installPlanApproval: Manual
---
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: sriov-network-operator-subscription
  namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator
spec:
  channel: "stable"
  name: sriov-network-operator
  source: redhat-operators
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace
  installPlanApproval: Manual
1 Specify the channel to get the Operator from. stable is the recommended channel.
2 Specify Manual or Automatic. In Automatic mode, the Operator automatically updates to the latest versions in the channel as they become available in the registry. In Manual mode, new Operator versions are installed only after they are explicitly approved.

Cluster logging and log forwarding

Single-node OpenShift clusters that run DU workloads require logging and log forwarding for debugging. The following example YAML illustrates the required ClusterLogging and ClusterLogForwarder CRs.

Recommended cluster logging and log forwarding configuration
apiVersion: logging.openshift.io/v1
kind: ClusterLogging (1)
metadata:
  name: instance
  namespace: openshift-logging
spec:
  collection:
    logs:
      fluentd: {}
      type: fluentd
  curation:
    type: "curator"
    curator:
      schedule: "30 3 * * *"
  managementState: Managed
---
apiVersion: logging.openshift.io/v1
kind: ClusterLogForwarder (2)
metadata:
  name: instance
  namespace: openshift-logging
spec:
  inputs:
    - infrastructure: {}
      name: infra-logs
  outputs:
    - name: kafka-open
      type: kafka
      url: tcp://10.46.55.190:9092/test    (3)
  pipelines:
    - inputRefs:
      - audit
      name: audit-logs
      outputRefs:
      - kafka-open
    - inputRefs:
      - infrastructure
      name: infrastructure-logs
      outputRefs:
      - kafka-open
1 Updates the existing ClusterLogging instance or creates the instance if it does not exist.
2 Updates the existing ClusterLogForwarder instance or creates the instance if it does not exist.
3 Specifies the URL of the Kafka server where the logs are forwarded to.

Performance profile

Single-node OpenShift clusters that run DU workloads require a Node Tuning Operator performance profile to use real-time host capabilities and services.

In earlier versions of OKD, the Performance Addon Operator was used to implement automatic tuning to achieve low latency performance for OpenShift applications. In OKD 4.11, these functions are part of the Node Tuning Operator.

The following example PerformanceProfile CR illustrates the required cluster configuration.

Recommended performance profile configuration
apiVersion: performance.openshift.io/v2
kind: PerformanceProfile
metadata:
  name: openshift-node-performance-profile (1)
spec:
  additionalKernelArgs:
    - rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot=0
    - "efi=runtime" (2)
  cpu:
    isolated: 2-51,54-103 (2)
    reserved: 0-1,52-53   (3)
  hugepages:
    defaultHugepagesSize: 1G
    pages:
      - count: 32 (4)
        size: 1G  (5)
        node: 1 (6)
  machineConfigPoolSelector:
    pools.operator.machineconfiguration.openshift.io/master: ""
  nodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""
  numa:
    topologyPolicy: "restricted"
  realTimeKernel:
    enabled: true    (7)
1 Ensure that the value for name matches that specified in the spec.profile.data field of TunedPerformancePatch.yaml and the status.configuration.source.name field of validatorCRs/informDuValidator.yaml.
2 Configures UEFI secure boot for the cluster host.
3 Set the isolated CPUs. Ensure all of the Hyper-Threading pairs match.
4 Set the reserved CPUs. When workload partitioning is enabled, system processes, kernel threads, and system container threads are restricted to these CPUs. All CPUs that are not isolated should be reserved.
5 Set the number of huge pages.
6 Set the huge page size.
7 Set enabled to true to install the real-time Linux kernel.

PTP

Single-node OpenShift clusters use Precision Time Protocol (PTP) for network time synchronization. The following example PtpConfig CR illustrates the required PTP slave configuration.

Recommended PTP configuration
apiVersion: ptp.openshift.io/v1
kind: PtpConfig
metadata:
  name: du-ptp-slave
  namespace: openshift-ptp
spec:
  profile:
    - interface: ens5f0     (1)
      name: slave
      phc2sysOpts: -a -r -n 24
      ptp4lConf: |
        [global]
        #
        # Default Data Set
        #
        twoStepFlag 1
        slaveOnly 0
        priority1 128
        priority2 128
        domainNumber 24
        #utc_offset 37
        clockClass 248
        clockAccuracy 0xFE
        offsetScaledLogVariance 0xFFFF
        free_running 0
        freq_est_interval 1
        dscp_event 0
        dscp_general 0
        dataset_comparison ieee1588
        G.8275.defaultDS.localPriority 128
        #
        # Port Data Set
        #
        logAnnounceInterval -3
        logSyncInterval -4
        logMinDelayReqInterval -4
        logMinPdelayReqInterval -4
        announceReceiptTimeout 3
        syncReceiptTimeout 0
        delayAsymmetry 0
        fault_reset_interval 4
        neighborPropDelayThresh 20000000
        masterOnly 0
        G.8275.portDS.localPriority 128
        #
        # Run time options
        #
        assume_two_step 0
        logging_level 6
        path_trace_enabled 0
        follow_up_info 0
        hybrid_e2e 0
        inhibit_multicast_service 0
        net_sync_monitor 0
        tc_spanning_tree 0
        tx_timestamp_timeout 1
        unicast_listen 0
        unicast_master_table 0
        unicast_req_duration 3600
        use_syslog 1
        verbose 0
        summary_interval 0
        kernel_leap 1
        check_fup_sync 0
        #
        # Servo Options
        #
        pi_proportional_const 0.0
        pi_integral_const 0.0
        pi_proportional_scale 0.0
        pi_proportional_exponent -0.3
        pi_proportional_norm_max 0.7
        pi_integral_scale 0.0
        pi_integral_exponent 0.4
        pi_integral_norm_max 0.3
        step_threshold 2.0
        first_step_threshold 0.00002
        max_frequency 900000000
        clock_servo pi
        sanity_freq_limit 200000000
        ntpshm_segment 0
        #
        # Transport options
        #
        transportSpecific 0x0
        ptp_dst_mac 01:1B:19:00:00:00
        p2p_dst_mac 01:80:C2:00:00:0E
        udp_ttl 1
        udp6_scope 0x0E
        uds_address /var/run/ptp4l
        #
        # Default interface options
        #
        clock_type OC
        network_transport L2
        delay_mechanism E2E
        time_stamping hardware
        tsproc_mode filter
        delay_filter moving_median
        delay_filter_length 10
        egressLatency 0
        ingressLatency 0
        boundary_clock_jbod 0
        #
        # Clock description
        #
        productDescription ;;
        revisionData ;;
        manufacturerIdentity 00:00:00
        userDescription ;
        timeSource 0xA0
      ptp4lOpts: -2 -s --summary_interval -4
recommend:
  - match:
      - nodeLabel: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
    priority: 4
    profile: slave
1 Sets the interface used to receive the PTP clock signal.

Extended Tuned profile

Single-node OpenShift clusters that run DU workloads require additional performance tuning configurations necessary for high-performance workloads. The following example Tuned CR extends the Tuned profile:

Recommended extended Tuned profile configuration
apiVersion: tuned.openshift.io/v1
kind: Tuned
metadata:
  name: performance-patch
  namespace: openshift-cluster-node-tuning-operator
spec:
  profile:
    - data: |
        [main]
        summary=Configuration changes profile inherited from performance created tuned
        include=openshift-node-performance-openshift-node-performance-profile
        [bootloader]
        cmdline_crash=nohz_full=2-51,54-103
        [sysctl]
        kernel.timer_migration=1
        [scheduler]
        group.ice-ptp=0:f:10:*:ice-ptp.*
        [service]
        service.stalld=start,enable
        service.chronyd=stop,disable
      name: performance-patch
  recommend:
    - machineConfigLabels:
        machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: master
      priority: 19
      profile: performance-patch

SR-IOV

Single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) is commonly used to enable the fronthaul and the midhaul networks. The following YAML example configures SR-IOV for a single-node OpenShift cluster.

Recommended SR-IOV configuration
apiVersion: sriovnetwork.openshift.io/v1
kind: SriovOperatorConfig
metadata:
  name: default
  namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator
spec:
  configDaemonNodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""
  disableDrain: true
  enableInjector: true
  enableOperatorWebhook: true
---
apiVersion: sriovnetwork.openshift.io/v1
kind: SriovNetwork
metadata:
  name: sriov-nw-du-mh
  namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator
spec:
  networkNamespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator
  resourceName: du_mh
  vlan: 150 (1)
---
apiVersion: sriovnetwork.openshift.io/v1
kind: SriovNetworkNodePolicy
metadata:
  name: sriov-nnp-du-mh
  namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator
spec:
  deviceType: vfio-pci (2)
  isRdma: false
  nicSelector:
    pfNames:
      - ens7f0 (3)
  nodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""
  numVfs: 8 (4)
  priority: 10
  resourceName: du_mh
---
apiVersion: sriovnetwork.openshift.io/v1
kind: SriovNetwork
metadata:
  name: sriov-nw-du-fh
  namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator
spec:
  networkNamespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator
  resourceName: du_fh
  vlan: 140 (5)
---
apiVersion: sriovnetwork.openshift.io/v1
kind: SriovNetworkNodePolicy
metadata:
  name: sriov-nnp-du-fh
  namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator
spec:
  deviceType: netdevice (6)
  isRdma: true
  nicSelector:
    pfNames:
      - ens5f0 (7)
  nodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""
  numVfs: 8 (8)
  priority: 10
  resourceName: du_fh
1 Specifies the VLAN for the midhaul network.
2 Select either vfio-pci or netdevice, as needed.
3 Specifies the interface connected to the midhaul network.
4 Specifies the number of VFs for the midhaul network.
5 The VLAN for the fronthaul network.
6 Select either vfio-pci or netdevice, as needed.
7 Specifies the interface connected to the fronthaul network.
8 Specifies the number of VFs for the fronthaul network.

Console Operator

The console-operator installs and maintains the web console on a cluster. When the node is centrally managed the Operator is not needed and makes space for application workloads. The following Console custom resource (CR) example disables the console.

Recommended console configuration
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Console
metadata:
  annotations:
    include.release.openshift.io/ibm-cloud-managed: "false"
    include.release.openshift.io/self-managed-high-availability: "false"
    include.release.openshift.io/single-node-developer: "false"
    release.openshift.io/create-only: "true"
  name: cluster
spec:
  logLevel: Normal
  managementState: Removed
  operatorLogLevel: Normal

Grafana and Alertmanager

Single-node OpenShift clusters that run DU workloads require reduced CPU resources consumed by the OKD monitoring components. The following ConfigMap custom resource (CR) disables Grafana and Alertmanager.

Recommended cluster monitoring configuration
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: cluster-monitoring-config
  namespace: openshift-monitoring
data:
  config.yaml: |
    grafana:
      enabled: false
    alertmanagerMain:
      enabled: false
    prometheusK8s:
       retention: 24h

Network diagnostics

Single-node OpenShift clusters that run DU workloads require less inter-pod network connectivity checks to reduce the additional load created by these pods. The following custom resource (CR) disables these checks.

Recommended network diagnostics configuration
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  disableNetworkDiagnostics: true
Additional resources