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Installing a cluster on OpenStack on your own infrastructure

In OKD version 4.13, you can install a cluster on OpenStack that runs on user-provisioned infrastructure.

Using your own infrastructure allows you to integrate your cluster with existing infrastructure and modifications. The process requires more labor on your part than installer-provisioned installations, because you must create all OpenStack resources, like Nova servers, Neutron ports, and security groups. However, Red Hat provides Ansible playbooks to help you in the deployment process.

Prerequisites

Resource guidelines for installing OKD on OpenStack

To support an OKD installation, your OpenStack quota must meet the following requirements:

Table 1. Recommended resources for a default OKD cluster on OpenStack
Resource Value

Floating IP addresses

3

Ports

15

Routers

1

Subnets

1

RAM

88 GB

vCPUs

22

Volume storage

275 GB

Instances

7

Security groups

3

Security group rules

60

Server groups

2 - plus 1 for each additional availability zone in each machine pool

A cluster might function with fewer than recommended resources, but its performance is not guaranteed.

If OpenStack object storage (Swift) is available and operated by a user account with the swiftoperator role, it is used as the default backend for the OKD image registry. In this case, the volume storage requirement is 175 GB. Swift space requirements vary depending on the size of the image registry.
By default, your security group and security group rule quotas might be low. If you encounter problems, run openstack quota set --secgroups 3 --secgroup-rules 60 <project> as an administrator to increase them.

An OKD deployment comprises control plane machines, compute machines, and a bootstrap machine.

Control plane machines

By default, the OKD installation process creates three control plane machines.

Each machine requires:

  • An instance from the OpenStack quota

  • A port from the OpenStack quota

  • A flavor with at least 16 GB memory and 4 vCPUs

  • At least 100 GB storage space from the OpenStack quota

Compute machines

By default, the OKD installation process creates three compute machines.

Each machine requires:

  • An instance from the OpenStack quota

  • A port from the OpenStack quota

  • A flavor with at least 8 GB memory and 2 vCPUs

  • At least 100 GB storage space from the OpenStack quota

Compute machines host the applications that you run on OKD; aim to run as many as you can.

Bootstrap machine

During installation, a bootstrap machine is temporarily provisioned to stand up the control plane. After the production control plane is ready, the bootstrap machine is deprovisioned.

The bootstrap machine requires:

  • An instance from the OpenStack quota

  • A port from the OpenStack quota

  • A flavor with at least 16 GB memory and 4 vCPUs

  • At least 100 GB storage space from the OpenStack quota

Downloading playbook dependencies

The Ansible playbooks that simplify the installation process on user-provisioned infrastructure require several Python modules. On the machine where you will run the installer, add the modules' repositories and then download them.

These instructions assume that you are using Fedora 8.
Prerequisites

  • Python 3 is installed on your machine.

Procedure

  1. On a command line, add the repositories:

    1. Register with Red Hat Subscription Manager:

      $ sudo subscription-manager register # If not done already

    2. Pull the latest subscription data:

      $ sudo subscription-manager attach --pool=$YOUR_POOLID # If not done already

    3. Disable the current repositories:

      $ sudo subscription-manager repos --disable=* # If not done already

    4. Add the required repositories:

      $ sudo subscription-manager repos \
  --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms \
  --enable=openstack-16-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms \
  --enable=ansible-2.9-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms \
  --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms

  2. Install the modules:

    $ sudo yum install python3-openstackclient ansible python3-openstacksdk python3-netaddr ansible-collections-openstack

  3. Ensure that the python command points to python3:

    $ sudo alternatives --set python /usr/bin/python3

Downloading the installation playbooks

Download Ansible playbooks that you can use to install OKD on your own OpenStack infrastructure.

Prerequisites

  • The curl command-line tool is available on your machine.

Procedure

  • To download the playbooks to your working directory, run the following script from a command line:

    $ xargs -n 1 curl -O <<< '
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/bootstrap.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/common.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/compute-nodes.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/control-plane.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/inventory.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/network.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/security-groups.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/down-bootstrap.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/down-compute-nodes.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/down-control-plane.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/down-load-balancers.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/down-network.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/down-security-groups.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.13/upi/openstack/down-containers.yaml'

The playbooks are downloaded to your machine.

During the installation process, you can modify the playbooks to configure your deployment.

Retain all playbooks for the life of your cluster. You must have the playbooks to remove your OKD cluster from OpenStack.

You must match any edits you make in the bootstrap.yaml, compute-nodes.yaml, control-plane.yaml, network.yaml, and security-groups.yaml files to the corresponding playbooks that are prefixed with down-. For example, edits to the bootstrap.yaml file must be reflected in the down-bootstrap.yaml file, too. If you do not edit both files, the supported cluster removal process will fail.

Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OKD, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

  • You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

  1. Download installer from https://github.com/openshift/okd/releases

    The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

    Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OKD uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

  2. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

    $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz

  3. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OKD components.

    Using a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager is not required. You can use a pull secret for another private registry. Or, if you do not need the cluster to pull images from a private registry, you can use {"auths":{"fake":{"auth":"aWQ6cGFzcwo="}}} as the pull secret when prompted during the installation.

    If you do not use the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager:

    • Red Hat Operators are not available.

    • The Telemetry and Insights operators do not send data to Red Hat.

    • Content from the Red Hat Container Catalog registry, such as image streams and Operators, are not available.

Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

During an OKD installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the FCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required.

You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs.

On clusters running Fedora CoreOS (FCOS), the SSH keys specified in the Ignition config files are written to the /home/core/.ssh/authorized_keys.d/core file. However, the Machine Config Operator manages SSH keys in the /home/core/.ssh/authorized_keys file and configures sshd to ignore the /home/core/.ssh/authorized_keys.d/core file. As a result, newly provisioned OKD nodes are not accessible using SSH until the Machine Config Operator reconciles the machine configs with the authorized_keys file. After you can access the nodes using SSH, you can delete the /home/core/.ssh/authorized_keys.d/core file.
Procedure

  1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

    $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> (1)
    1 Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.

  2. View the public SSH key:

    $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub

    For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

  3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

    On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

    1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
      Example output
      Agent pid 31874

  4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

    $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> (1)
    1 Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
    Example output
    Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Next steps

  • When you install OKD, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

Creating the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image

The OKD installation program requires that a Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image be present in the OpenStack cluster. Retrieve the latest FCOS image, then upload it using the OpenStack CLI.

Prerequisites

  • The OpenStack CLI is installed.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Red Hat Customer Portal’s Product Downloads page.

  2. Under Version, select the most recent release of OKD 4.13 for Fedora 8.

    The FCOS images might not change with every release of OKD. You must download images with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OKD version that you install. Use the image versions that match your OKD version if they are available.

  3. Download the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) - OpenStack Image (QCOW).

  4. Decompress the image.

    You must decompress the OpenStack image before the cluster can use it. The name of the downloaded file might not contain a compression extension, like .gz or .tgz. To find out if or how the file is compressed, in a command line, enter:

    $ file <name_of_downloaded_file>

  5. From the image that you downloaded, create an image that is named rhcos in your cluster by using the OpenStack CLI:

    $ openstack image create --container-format=bare --disk-format=qcow2 --file rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-openstack.qcow2 rhcos
    Depending on your OpenStack environment, you might be able to upload the image in either .raw or .qcow2 formats. If you use Ceph, you must use the .raw format.
    If the installation program finds multiple images with the same name, it chooses one of them at random. To avoid this behavior, create unique names for resources in OpenStack.

After you upload the image to OpenStack, it is usable in the installation process.

Verifying external network access

The OKD installation process requires external network access. You must provide an external network value to it, or deployment fails. Before you begin the process, verify that a network with the external router type exists in OpenStack.

Prerequisites
Procedure

  1. Using the OpenStack CLI, verify the name and ID of the 'External' network:

    $ openstack network list --long -c ID -c Name -c "Router Type"
    Example output
    +--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+
| ID                                   | Name           | Router Type |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 148a8023-62a7-4672-b018-003462f8d7dc | public_network | External    |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+

A network with an external router type appears in the network list. If at least one does not, see Creating a default floating IP network and Creating a default provider network.

If the Neutron trunk service plugin is enabled, a trunk port is created by default. For more information, see Neutron trunk port.

Enabling access to the environment

At deployment, all OKD machines are created in a OpenStack-tenant network. Therefore, they are not accessible directly in most OpenStack deployments.

You can configure OKD API and application access by using floating IP addresses (FIPs) during installation. You can also complete an installation without configuring FIPs, but the installer will not configure a way to reach the API or applications externally.

Enabling access with floating IP addresses

Create floating IP (FIP) addresses for external access to the OKD API, cluster applications, and the bootstrap process.

Procedure

  1. Using the OpenStack CLI, create the API FIP:

    $ openstack floating ip create --description "API <cluster_name>.<base_domain>" <external_network>

  2. Using the OpenStack CLI, create the apps, or Ingress, FIP:

    $ openstack floating ip create --description "Ingress <cluster_name>.<base_domain>" <external_network>

  3. By using the OpenStack CLI, create the bootstrap FIP:

    $ openstack floating ip create --description "bootstrap machine" <external_network>

  4. Add records that follow these patterns to your DNS server for the API and Ingress FIPs:

    api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>.  IN  A  <API_FIP>
*.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. IN  A <apps_FIP>

    If you do not control the DNS server, you can access the cluster by adding the cluster domain names such as the following to your /etc/hosts file:

    • <api_floating_ip> api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>

    • <application_floating_ip> grafana-openshift-monitoring.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>

    • <application_floating_ip> prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>

    • <application_floating_ip> oauth-openshift.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>

    • <application_floating_ip> console-openshift-console.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>

    • application_floating_ip integrated-oauth-server-openshift-authentication.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>

    The cluster domain names in the /etc/hosts file grant access to the web console and the monitoring interface of your cluster locally. You can also use the kubectl or oc. You can access the user applications by using the additional entries pointing to the <application_floating_ip>. This action makes the API and applications accessible to only you, which is not suitable for production deployment, but does allow installation for development and testing.

  5. Add the FIPs to the inventory.yaml file as the values of the following variables:

    • os_api_fip

    • os_bootstrap_fip

    • os_ingress_fip

If you use these values, you must also enter an external network as the value of the os_external_network variable in the inventory.yaml file.

You can make OKD resources available outside of the cluster by assigning a floating IP address and updating your firewall configuration.

Completing installation without floating IP addresses

You can install OKD on OpenStack without providing floating IP addresses.

In the inventory.yaml file, do not define the following variables:

  • os_api_fip

  • os_bootstrap_fip

  • os_ingress_fip

If you cannot provide an external network, you can also leave os_external_network blank. If you do not provide a value for os_external_network, a router is not created for you, and, without additional action, the installer will fail to retrieve an image from Glance. Later in the installation process, when you create network resources, you must configure external connectivity on your own.

If you run the installer with the wait-for command from a system that cannot reach the cluster API due to a lack of floating IP addresses or name resolution, installation fails. To prevent installation failure in these cases, you can use a proxy network or run the installer from a system that is on the same network as your machines.

You can enable name resolution by creating DNS records for the API and Ingress ports. For example:

api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>.  IN  A  <api_port_IP>
*.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. IN  A <ingress_port_IP>

If you do not control the DNS server, you can add the record to your /etc/hosts file. This action makes the API accessible to only you, which is not suitable for production deployment but does allow installation for development and testing.

Defining parameters for the installation program

The OKD installation program relies on a file that is called clouds.yaml. The file describes OpenStack configuration parameters, including the project name, log in information, and authorization service URLs.

Procedure

  1. Create the clouds.yaml file:

    • If your OpenStack distribution includes the Horizon web UI, generate a clouds.yaml file in it.

      Remember to add a password to the auth field. You can also keep secrets in a separate file from clouds.yaml.

    • If your OpenStack distribution does not include the Horizon web UI, or you do not want to use Horizon, create the file yourself. For detailed information about clouds.yaml, see Config files in the OpenStack documentation.

      clouds:
  shiftstack:
    auth:
      auth_url: http://10.10.14.42:5000/v3
      project_name: shiftstack
      username: <username>
      password: <password>
      user_domain_name: Default
      project_domain_name: Default
  dev-env:
    region_name: RegionOne
    auth:
      username: <username>
      password: <password>
      project_name: 'devonly'
      auth_url: 'https://10.10.14.22:5001/v2.0'

  2. If your OpenStack installation uses self-signed certificate authority (CA) certificates for endpoint authentication:

    1. Copy the certificate authority file to your machine.

    2. Add the cacerts key to the clouds.yaml file. The value must be an absolute, non-root-accessible path to the CA certificate:

      clouds:
  shiftstack:
    ...
    cacert: "/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ca.crt.pem"

      After you run the installer with a custom CA certificate, you can update the certificate by editing the value of the ca-cert.pem key in the cloud-provider-config keymap. On a command line, run:

      $ oc edit configmap -n openshift-config cloud-provider-config

  3. Place the clouds.yaml file in one of the following locations:

    1. The value of the OS_CLIENT_CONFIG_FILE environment variable

    2. The current directory

    3. A Unix-specific user configuration directory, for example ~/.config/openstack/clouds.yaml

    4. A Unix-specific site configuration directory, for example /etc/openstack/clouds.yaml

      The installation program searches for clouds.yaml in that order.

Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OKD cluster you install on OpenStack.

Prerequisites

  • Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

  • Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.

Procedure

  1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

    1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> (1)
      1 For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.

      When specifying the directory:

      • Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.

      • Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OKD version.

        Always delete the ~/.powervs directory to avoid reusing a stale configuration. Run the following command:

        $ rm -rf ~/.powervs

    2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

        For production OKD clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select openstack as the platform to target.

      3. Specify the OpenStack external network name to use for installing the cluster.

      4. Specify the floating IP address to use for external access to the OpenShift API.

      5. Specify a OpenStack flavor with at least 16 GB RAM to use for control plane nodes and 8 GB RAM for compute nodes.

      6. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. All DNS records will be sub-domains of this base and will also include the cluster name.

      7. Enter a name for your cluster. The name must be 14 or fewer characters long.

      8. Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This field is optional.

  2. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.

  3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

You now have the file install-config.yaml in the directory that you specified.

Installation configuration parameters

Before you deploy an OKD cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.

After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the install-config.yaml file.

Required configuration parameters

Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 2. Required parameters
Parameter Description Values

apiVersion

The API version for the install-config.yaml content. The current version is v1. The installation program may also support older API versions.

String

baseDomain

The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OKD cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the baseDomain and metadata.name parameter values that uses the <metadata.name>.<baseDomain> format.

A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as example.com.

metadata

Kubernetes resource ObjectMeta, from which only the name parameter is consumed.

Object

metadata.name

The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of {{.metadata.name}}.{{.baseDomain}}.

String of lowercase letters, hyphens (-), and periods (.), such as dev. The string must be 14 characters or fewer long.

platform

The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: alibabacloud, aws, baremetal, azure, gcp, ibmcloud, nutanix, openstack, ovirt, powervs, vsphere, or {}. For additional information about platform.<platform> parameters, consult the table for your specific platform that follows.

Object

Network configuration parameters

You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.

Only IPv4 addresses are supported.

Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster.
Table 3. Network parameters
Parameter Description Values

networking

The configuration for the cluster network.

Object

You cannot modify parameters specified by the networking object after installation.

networking.networkType

The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin to install.

Either OpenShiftSDN or OVNKubernetes. The default value is OVNKubernetes.

networking.clusterNetwork

The IP address blocks for pods.

The default value is 10.128.0.0/14 with a host prefix of /23.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example:

networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23

networking.clusterNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.clusterNetwork. An IP address block.

An IPv4 network.

An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between 0 and 32.

networking.clusterNetwork.hostPrefix

The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if hostPrefix is set to 23 then each node is assigned a /23 subnet out of the given cidr. A hostPrefix value of 23 provides 510 (2^(32 - 23) - 2) pod IP addresses.

A subnet prefix.

The default value is 23.

networking.serviceNetwork

The IP address block for services. The default value is 172.30.0.0/16.

The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network plugins support only a single IP address block for the service network.

An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example:

networking:
  serviceNetwork:
   - 172.30.0.0/16

networking.machineNetwork

The IP address blocks for machines.

If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap.

An array of objects. For example:

networking:
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16

networking.machineNetwork.cidr

Required if you use networking.machineNetwork. An IP address block. The default value is 10.0.0.0/16 for all platforms other than libvirt and IBM Power Virtual Server. For libvirt, the default value is 192.168.126.0/24. For IBM Power Virtual Server, the default value is 192.168.0.0/24.

An IP network block in CIDR notation.

For example, 10.0.0.0/16.

Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the CIDR that the preferred NIC resides in.

Optional configuration parameters

Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 4. Optional parameters
Parameter Description Values

additionalTrustBundle

A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured.

String

capabilities

Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OKD cluster by disabling optional components. For more information, see the "Cluster capabilities" page in Installing.

String array

capabilities.baselineCapabilitySet

Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are None, v4.11, v4.12 and vCurrent. The default value is vCurrent.

String

capabilities.additionalEnabledCapabilities

Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in baselineCapabilitySet. You may specify multiple capabilities in this parameter.

String array

cpuPartitioningMode

Enables workload partitioning, which isolates OKD services, cluster management workloads, and infrastructure pods to run on a reserved set of CPUs. Workload partitioning can only be enabled during installation and cannot be disabled after installation. While this field enables workload partitioning, it does not configure workloads to use specific CPUs. For more information, see the Workload partitioning page in the Scalability and Performance section.

None or AllNodes. None is the default value.

compute

The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes.

Array of MachinePool objects.

compute.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64 (the default).

String

compute: hyperthreading:

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on compute machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

compute.name

Required if you use compute. The name of the machine pool.

worker

compute.platform

Required if you use compute. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider to host the worker machines. This parameter value must match the controlPlane.platform parameter value.

alibabacloud, aws, azure, gcp, ibmcloud, nutanix, openstack, ovirt, powervs, vsphere, or {}

compute.replicas

The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision.

A positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The default value is 3.

featureSet

Enables the cluster for a feature set. A feature set is a collection of OKD features that are not enabled by default. For more information about enabling a feature set during installation, see "Enabling features using feature gates".

String. The name of the feature set to enable, such as TechPreviewNoUpgrade.

controlPlane

The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane.

Array of MachinePool objects.

controlPlane.architecture

Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are amd64.

String

controlPlane: hyperthreading:

Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading, on control plane machines. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores.

If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance.

Enabled or Disabled

controlPlane.name

Required if you use controlPlane. The name of the machine pool.

master

controlPlane.platform

Required if you use controlPlane. Use this parameter to specify the cloud provider that hosts the control plane machines. This parameter value must match the compute.platform parameter value.

alibabacloud, aws, azure, gcp, ibmcloud, nutanix, openstack, ovirt, powervs, vsphere, or {}

controlPlane.replicas

The number of control plane machines to provision.

The only supported value is 3, which is the default value.

credentialsMode

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.

Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Cluster Operators reference content.

If your AWS account has service control policies (SCP) enabled, you must configure the credentialsMode parameter to Mint, Passthrough or Manual.

Mint, Passthrough, Manual or an empty string ("").

imageContentSources

Sources and repositories for the release-image content.

Array of objects. Includes a source and, optionally, mirrors, as described in the following rows of this table.

imageContentSources.source

Required if you use imageContentSources. Specify the repository that users refer to, for example, in image pull specifications.

String

imageContentSources.mirrors

Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images.

Array of strings

publish

How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes.

Internal or External. The default value is External.

Setting this field to Internal is not supported on non-cloud platforms.

If the value of the field is set to Internal, the cluster will become non-functional. For more information, refer to BZ#1953035.

sshKey

The SSH key to authenticate access to your cluster machines.

For production OKD clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

For example, sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...

  1. Not all CCO modes are supported for all cloud providers. For more information about CCO modes, see the "Managing cloud provider credentials" entry in the Authentication and authorization content.

Additional OpenStack configuration parameters

Additional OpenStack configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 5. Additional OpenStack parameters
Parameter Description Values

compute.platform.openstack.rootVolume.size

For compute machines, the size in gigabytes of the root volume. If you do not set this value, machines use ephemeral storage.

Integer, for example 30.

compute.platform.openstack.rootVolume.type

For compute machines, the root volume’s type.

String, for example performance.

controlPlane.platform.openstack.rootVolume.size

For control plane machines, the size in gigabytes of the root volume. If you do not set this value, machines use ephemeral storage.

Integer, for example 30.

controlPlane.platform.openstack.rootVolume.type

For control plane machines, the root volume’s type.

String, for example performance.

platform.openstack.cloud

The name of the OpenStack cloud to use from the list of clouds in the clouds.yaml file.

String, for example MyCloud.

platform.openstack.externalNetwork

The OpenStack external network name to be used for installation.

String, for example external.

platform.openstack.computeFlavor

The OpenStack flavor to use for control plane and compute machines.

This property is deprecated. To use a flavor as the default for all machine pools, add it as the value of the type key in the platform.openstack.defaultMachinePlatform property. You can also set a flavor value for each machine pool individually.

String, for example m1.xlarge.

Optional OpenStack configuration parameters

Optional OpenStack configuration parameters are described in the following table:

Table 6. Optional OpenStack parameters
Parameter Description Values

compute.platform.openstack.additionalNetworkIDs

Additional networks that are associated with compute machines. Allowed address pairs are not created for additional networks.

A list of one or more UUIDs as strings. For example, fa806b2f-ac49-4bce-b9db-124bc64209bf.

compute.platform.openstack.additionalSecurityGroupIDs

Additional security groups that are associated with compute machines.

A list of one or more UUIDs as strings. For example, 7ee219f3-d2e9-48a1-96c2-e7429f1b0da7.

compute.platform.openstack.zones

OpenStack Compute (Nova) availability zones (AZs) to install machines on. If this parameter is not set, the installation program relies on the default settings for Nova that the OpenStack administrator configured.

On clusters that use Kuryr, OpenStack Octavia does not support availability zones. Load balancers and, if you are using the Amphora provider driver, OKD services that rely on Amphora VMs, are not created according to the value of this property.

A list of strings. For example, ["zone-1", "zone-2"].

compute.platform.openstack.rootVolume.zones

For compute machines, the availability zone to install root volumes on. If you do not set a value for this parameter, the installation program selects the default availability zone.

A list of strings, for example ["zone-1", "zone-2"].

compute.platform.openstack.serverGroupPolicy

Server group policy to apply to the group that will contain the compute machines in the pool. You cannot change server group policies or affiliations after creation. Supported options include anti-affinity, soft-affinity, and soft-anti-affinity. The default value is soft-anti-affinity.

An affinity policy prevents migrations and therefore affects OpenStack upgrades. The affinity policy is not supported.

If you use a strict anti-affinity policy, an additional OpenStack host is required during instance migration.

A server group policy to apply to the machine pool. For example, soft-affinity.

controlPlane.platform.openstack.additionalNetworkIDs

Additional networks that are associated with control plane machines. Allowed address pairs are not created for additional networks.

Additional networks that are attached to a control plane machine are also attached to the bootstrap node.

A list of one or more UUIDs as strings. For example, fa806b2f-ac49-4bce-b9db-124bc64209bf.

controlPlane.platform.openstack.additionalSecurityGroupIDs

Additional security groups that are associated with control plane machines.

A list of one or more UUIDs as strings. For example, 7ee219f3-d2e9-48a1-96c2-e7429f1b0da7.

controlPlane.platform.openstack.zones

OpenStack Compute (Nova) availability zones (AZs) to install machines on. If this parameter is not set, the installation program relies on the default settings for Nova that the OpenStack administrator configured.

On clusters that use Kuryr, OpenStack Octavia does not support availability zones. Load balancers and, if you are using the Amphora provider driver, OKD services that rely on Amphora VMs, are not created according to the value of this property.

A list of strings. For example, ["zone-1", "zone-2"].

controlPlane.platform.openstack.rootVolume.zones

For control plane machines, the availability zone to install root volumes on. If you do not set this value, the installation program selects the default availability zone.

A list of strings, for example ["zone-1", "zone-2"].

controlPlane.platform.openstack.serverGroupPolicy

Server group policy to apply to the group that will contain the control plane machines in the pool. You cannot change server group policies or affiliations after creation. Supported options include anti-affinity, soft-affinity, and soft-anti-affinity. The default value is soft-anti-affinity.

An affinity policy prevents migrations, and therefore affects OpenStack upgrades. The affinity policy is not supported.

If you use a strict anti-affinity policy, an additional OpenStack host is required during instance migration.

A server group policy to apply to the machine pool. For example, soft-affinity.

platform.openstack.clusterOSImage

The location from which the installation program downloads the FCOS image.

You must set this parameter to perform an installation in a restricted network.

An HTTP or HTTPS URL, optionally with an SHA-256 checksum.

For example, http://mirror.example.com/images/rhcos-43.81.201912131630.0-openstack.x86_64.qcow2.gz?sha256=ffebbd68e8a1f2a245ca19522c16c86f67f9ac8e4e0c1f0a812b068b16f7265d. The value can also be the name of an existing Glance image, for example my-rhcos.

platform.openstack.clusterOSImageProperties

Properties to add to the installer-uploaded ClusterOSImage in Glance. This property is ignored if platform.openstack.clusterOSImage is set to an existing Glance image.

You can use this property to exceed the default persistent volume (PV) limit for OpenStack of 26 PVs per node. To exceed the limit, set the hw_scsi_model property value to virtio-scsi and the hw_disk_bus value to scsi.

You can also use this property to enable the QEMU guest agent by including the hw_qemu_guest_agent property with a value of yes.

A list of key-value string pairs. For example, ["hw_scsi_model": "virtio-scsi", "hw_disk_bus": "scsi"].

platform.openstack.defaultMachinePlatform

The default machine pool platform configuration.

 
{
   "type": "ml.large",
   "rootVolume": {
      "size": 30,
      "type": "performance"
   }
}

platform.openstack.ingressFloatingIP

An existing floating IP address to associate with the Ingress port. To use this property, you must also define the platform.openstack.externalNetwork property.

An IP address, for example 128.0.0.1.

platform.openstack.apiFloatingIP

An existing floating IP address to associate with the API load balancer. To use this property, you must also define the platform.openstack.externalNetwork property.

An IP address, for example 128.0.0.1.

platform.openstack.externalDNS

IP addresses for external DNS servers that cluster instances use for DNS resolution.

A list of IP addresses as strings. For example, ["8.8.8.8", "192.168.1.12"].

platform.openstack.loadbalancer

Whether or not to use the default, internal load balancer. If the value is set to UserManaged, this default load balancer is disabled so that you can deploy a cluster that uses an external, user-managed load balancer. If the parameter is not set, or if the value is OpenShiftManagedDefault, the cluster uses the default load balancer.

UserManaged or OpenShiftManagedDefault.

platform.openstack.machinesSubnet

The UUID of a OpenStack subnet that the cluster’s nodes use. Nodes and virtual IP (VIP) ports are created on this subnet.

The first item in networking.machineNetwork must match the value of machinesSubnet.

If you deploy to a custom subnet, you cannot specify an external DNS server to the OKD installer. Instead, add DNS to the subnet in OpenStack.

A UUID as a string. For example, fa806b2f-ac49-4bce-b9db-124bc64209bf.

OpenStack parameters for failure domains

OpenStack failure domains is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

OpenStack deployments do not have a single implementation of failure domains. Instead, availability zones are defined individually for each service, such as the compute service, Nova; the networking service, Neutron; and the storage service, Cinder.

Beginning with OKD 4.13, there is a unified definition of failure domains for OpenStack deployments that covers all supported availability zone types. You can use failure domains to control related aspects of Nova, Neutron, and Cinder configurations from a single place.

In OpenStack, a port describes a network connection and maps to an interface inside a compute machine. A port also:

  • Is defined by a network or by one more or subnets

  • Connects a machine to one or more subnets

Failure domains group the services of your deployment by using ports. If you use failure domains, each machine connects to:

  • The portTarget object with the ID control-plane while that object exists.

  • All non-control-plane portTarget objects within its own failure domain.

  • All networks in the machine pool’s additionalNetworkIDs list.

To configure failure domains for a machine pool, edit availability zone and port target parameters under controlPlane.platform.openstack.failureDomains.

Table 7. OpenStack parameters for failure domains
Parameter Description Values

platform.openstack.failuredomains.computeAvailabilityZone

An availability zone for the server. If not specified, the cluster default is used.

The name of the availability zone. For example, nova-1.

platform.openstack.failuredomains.storageAvailabilityZone

An availability zone for the root volume. If not specified, the cluster default is used.

The name of the availability zone. For example, cinder-1.

platform.openstack.failuredomains.portTargets

A list of portTarget objects, each of which defines a network connection to attach to machines within a failure domain.

A list of portTarget objects.

platform.openstack.failuredomains.portTargets.portTarget.id

The ID of an individual port target. To select that port target as the first network for machines, set the value of this parameter to control-plane. If this parameter has a different value, it is ignored.

control-plane or an arbitrary string.

platform.openstack.failuredomains.portTargets.portTarget.network

Required. The name or ID of the network to attach to machines in the failure domain.

A network object that contains either a name or UUID. For example:

network:
  id: 8db6a48e-375b-4caa-b20b-5b9a7218bfe6

or:

network:
  name: my-network-1

platform.openstack.failuredomains.portTargets.portTarget.fixedIPs

Subnets to allocate fixed IP addresses to. These subnets must exist within the same network as the port.

A list of subnet objects.
You cannot combine zone fields and failure domains. If you want to use failure domains, the controlPlane.zone and controlPlane.rootVolume.zone fields must be left unset.

Custom subnets in OpenStack deployments

Optionally, you can deploy a cluster on a OpenStack subnet of your choice. The subnet’s GUID is passed as the value of platform.openstack.machinesSubnet in the install-config.yaml file.

This subnet is used as the cluster’s primary subnet. By default, nodes and ports are created on it. You can create nodes and ports on a different OpenStack subnet by setting the value of the platform.openstack.machinesSubnet property to the subnet’s UUID.

Before you run the OKD installer with a custom subnet, verify that your configuration meets the following requirements:

  • The subnet that is used by platform.openstack.machinesSubnet has DHCP enabled.

  • The CIDR of platform.openstack.machinesSubnet matches the CIDR of networking.machineNetwork.

  • The installation program user has permission to create ports on this network, including ports with fixed IP addresses.

Clusters that use custom subnets have the following limitations:

  • If you plan to install a cluster that uses floating IP addresses, the platform.openstack.machinesSubnet subnet must be attached to a router that is connected to the externalNetwork network.

  • If the platform.openstack.machinesSubnet value is set in the install-config.yaml file, the installation program does not create a private network or subnet for your OpenStack machines.

  • You cannot use the platform.openstack.externalDNS property at the same time as a custom subnet. To add DNS to a cluster that uses a custom subnet, configure DNS on the OpenStack network.

By default, the API VIP takes x.x.x.5 and the Ingress VIP takes x.x.x.7 from your network’s CIDR block. To override these default values, set values for platform.openstack.apiVIPs and platform.openstack.ingressVIPs that are outside of the DHCP allocation pool.

The CIDR ranges for networks are not adjustable after cluster installation. Red Hat does not provide direct guidance on determining the range during cluster installation because it requires careful consideration of the number of created pods per namespace.

Sample customized install-config.yaml file for OpenStack

This sample install-config.yaml demonstrates all of the possible OpenStack customization options.

This sample file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program. 
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
controlPlane:
  name: master
  platform: {}
  replicas: 3
compute:
- name: worker
  platform:
    openstack:
      type: ml.large
  replicas: 3
metadata:
  name: example
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
  networkType: OVNKubernetes
platform:
  openstack:
    cloud: mycloud
    externalNetwork: external
    computeFlavor: m1.xlarge
    apiFloatingIP: 128.0.0.1
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...

Example installation configuration section that uses failure domains

OpenStack failure domains is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

The following section of an install-config.yaml file demonstrates the use of failure domains in a cluster to deploy on OpenStack:

# ...
controlPlane:
  name: master
  platform:
    openstack:
      type: m1.large
      failureDomains:
      - computeAvailabilityZone: 'nova-1'
        storageAvailabilityZone: 'cinder-1'
        portTargets:
        - id: control-plane
          network:
            id: 8db6a48e-375b-4caa-b20b-5b9a7218bfe6
      - computeAvailabilityZone: 'nova-2'
        storageAvailabilityZone: 'cinder-2'
        portTargets:
        - id: control-plane
          network:
            id: 39a7b82a-a8a4-45a4-ba5a-288569a6edd1
      - computeAvailabilityZone: 'nova-3'
        storageAvailabilityZone: 'cinder-3'
        portTargets:
        - id: control-plane
          network:
            id: 8e4b4e0d-3865-4a9b-a769-559270271242
featureSet: TechPreviewNoUpgrade
# ...

Setting a custom subnet for machines

The IP range that the installation program uses by default might not match the Neutron subnet that you create when you install OKD. If necessary, update the CIDR value for new machines by editing the installation configuration file.

Prerequisites

  • You have the install-config.yaml file that was generated by the OKD installation program.

Procedure

  1. On a command line, browse to the directory that contains install-config.yaml.

  2. From that directory, either run a script to edit the install-config.yaml file or update the file manually:

    • To set the value by using a script, run:

      $ python -c '
import yaml;
path = "install-config.yaml";
data = yaml.safe_load(open(path));
data["networking"]["machineNetwork"] = [{"cidr": "192.168.0.0/18"}]; (1)
open(path, "w").write(yaml.dump(data, default_flow_style=False))'
      1 Insert a value that matches your intended Neutron subnet, e.g. 192.0.2.0/24.

    • To set the value manually, open the file and set the value of networking.machineCIDR to something that matches your intended Neutron subnet.

Emptying compute machine pools

To proceed with an installation that uses your own infrastructure, set the number of compute machines in the installation configuration file to zero. Later, you create these machines manually.

Prerequisites

  • You have the install-config.yaml file that was generated by the OKD installation program.

Procedure

  1. On a command line, browse to the directory that contains install-config.yaml.

  2. From that directory, either run a script to edit the install-config.yaml file or update the file manually:

    • To set the value by using a script, run:

      $ python -c '
import yaml;
path = "install-config.yaml";
data = yaml.safe_load(open(path));
data["compute"][0]["replicas"] = 0;
open(path, "w").write(yaml.dump(data, default_flow_style=False))'

    • To set the value manually, open the file and set the value of compute.<first entry>.replicas to 0.

Cluster deployment on OpenStack provider networks

You can deploy your OKD clusters on OpenStack with a primary network interface on a provider network. Provider networks are commonly used to give projects direct access to a public network that can be used to reach the internet. You can also share provider networks among projects as part of the network creation process.

OpenStack provider networks map directly to an existing physical network in the data center. A OpenStack administrator must create them.

In the following example, OKD workloads are connected to a data center by using a provider network:

A diagram that depicts four OpenShift workloads on OpenStack. Each workload is connected by its NIC to an external data center by using a provider network.

OKD clusters that are installed on provider networks do not require tenant networks or floating IP addresses. The installer does not create these resources during installation.

Example provider network types include flat (untagged) and VLAN (802.1Q tagged).

A cluster can support as many provider network connections as the network type allows. For example, VLAN networks typically support up to 4096 connections.

You can learn more about provider and tenant networks in the OpenStack documentation.

OpenStack provider network requirements for cluster installation

Before you install an OKD cluster, your OpenStack deployment and provider network must meet a number of conditions:

  • The OpenStack networking service (Neutron) is enabled and accessible through the OpenStack networking API.

  • The OpenStack networking service has the port security and allowed address pairs extensions enabled.

  • The provider network can be shared with other tenants.

    Use the openstack network create command with the --share flag to create a network that can be shared.

  • The OpenStack project that you use to install the cluster must own the provider network, as well as an appropriate subnet.

    To create a network for a project that is named "openshift," enter the following command
    $ openstack network create --project openshift
    To create a subnet for a project that is named "openshift," enter the following command
    $ openstack subnet create --project openshift

    To learn more about creating networks on OpenStack, read the provider networks documentation.

    If the cluster is owned by the admin user, you must run the installer as that user to create ports on the network.

    Provider networks must be owned by the OpenStack project that is used to create the cluster. If they are not, the OpenStack Compute service (Nova) cannot request a port from that network.

  • Verify that the provider network can reach the OpenStack metadata service IP address, which is 169.254.169.254 by default.

    Depending on your OpenStack SDN and networking service configuration, you might need to provide the route when you create the subnet. For example:

    $ openstack subnet create --dhcp --host-route destination=169.254.169.254/32,gateway=192.0.2.2 ...

  • Optional: To secure the network, create role-based access control (RBAC) rules that limit network access to a single project.

Deploying a cluster that has a primary interface on a provider network

You can deploy an OKD cluster that has its primary network interface on an OpenStack provider network.

Prerequisites

  • Your OpenStack deployment is configured as described by "OpenStack provider network requirements for cluster installation".

Procedure

  1. In a text editor, open the install-config.yaml file.

  2. Set the value of the platform.openstack.apiVIPs property to the IP address for the API VIP.

  3. Set the value of the platform.openstack.ingressVIPs property to the IP address for the Ingress VIP.

  4. Set the value of the platform.openstack.machinesSubnet property to the UUID of the provider network subnet.

  5. Set the value of the networking.machineNetwork.cidr property to the CIDR block of the provider network subnet.

The platform.openstack.apiVIPs and platform.openstack.ingressVIPs properties must both be unassigned IP addresses from the networking.machineNetwork.cidr block.
Section of an installation configuration file for a cluster that relies on a OpenStack provider network
        ...
        platform:
          openstack:
            apiVIPs: (1)
              - 192.0.2.13
            ingressVIPs: (1)
              - 192.0.2.23
            machinesSubnet: fa806b2f-ac49-4bce-b9db-124bc64209bf
            # ...
        networking:
          machineNetwork:
          - cidr: 192.0.2.0/24
1 In OKD 4.12 and later, the apiVIP and ingressVIP configuration settings are deprecated. Instead, use a list format to enter values in the apiVIPs and ingressVIPs configuration settings.

You cannot set the platform.openstack.externalNetwork or platform.openstack.externalDNS parameters while using a provider network for the primary network interface.

When you deploy the cluster, the installer uses the install-config.yaml file to deploy the cluster on the provider network.

You can add additional networks, including provider networks, to the platform.openstack.additionalNetworkIDs list.

After you deploy your cluster, you can attach pods to additional networks. For more information, see Understanding multiple networks.

Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files

Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to configure the machines.

The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.

  • The Ignition config files that the OKD installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.

  • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.
Prerequisites

  • You obtained the OKD installation program.

  • You created the install-config.yaml installation configuration file.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the OKD installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:

    $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> (1)
    1 For <installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.

  2. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines and compute machine sets:

    $ rm -f openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml

    Because you create and manage these resources yourself, you do not have to initialize them.

    • You can preserve the compute machine set files to create compute machines by using the machine API, but you must update references to them to match your environment.

  3. Check that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:

    1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.

    2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and ensure that it is set to false.

    3. Save and exit the file.

  4. To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:

    $ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> (1)
    1 For <installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.

    Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files are created in the ./<installation_directory>/auth directory:

    .
├── auth
│   ├── kubeadmin-password
│   └── kubeconfig
├── bootstrap.ign
├── master.ign
├── metadata.json
└── worker.ign

  5. Export the metadata file’s infraID key as an environment variable:

    $ export INFRA_ID=$(jq -r .infraID metadata.json)
Extract the infraID key from metadata.json and use it as a prefix for all of the OpenStack resources that you create. By doing so, you avoid name conflicts when making multiple deployments in the same project.

Preparing the bootstrap Ignition files

The OKD installation process relies on bootstrap machines that are created from a bootstrap Ignition configuration file.

Edit the file and upload it. Then, create a secondary bootstrap Ignition configuration file that OpenStack uses to download the primary file.

Prerequisites

  • You have the bootstrap Ignition file that the installer program generates, bootstrap.ign.

  • The infrastructure ID from the installer’s metadata file is set as an environment variable ($INFRA_ID).

    • If the variable is not set, see Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files.

  • You have an HTTP(S)-accessible way to store the bootstrap Ignition file.

    • The documented procedure uses the OpenStack image service (Glance), but you can also use the OpenStack storage service (Swift), Amazon S3, an internal HTTP server, or an ad hoc Nova server.

Procedure

  1. Run the following Python script. The script modifies the bootstrap Ignition file to set the hostname and, if available, CA certificate file when it runs:

    import base64
import json
import os

with open('bootstrap.ign', 'r') as f:
    ignition = json.load(f)

files = ignition['storage'].get('files', [])

infra_id = os.environ.get('INFRA_ID', 'openshift').encode()
hostname_b64 = base64.standard_b64encode(infra_id + b'-bootstrap\n').decode().strip()
files.append(
{
    'path': '/etc/hostname',
    'mode': 420,
    'contents': {
        'source': 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,' + hostname_b64
    }
})

ca_cert_path = os.environ.get('OS_CACERT', '')
if ca_cert_path:
    with open(ca_cert_path, 'r') as f:
        ca_cert = f.read().encode()
        ca_cert_b64 = base64.standard_b64encode(ca_cert).decode().strip()

    files.append(
    {
        'path': '/opt/openshift/tls/cloud-ca-cert.pem',
        'mode': 420,
        'contents': {
            'source': 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,' + ca_cert_b64
        }
    })

ignition['storage']['files'] = files;

with open('bootstrap.ign', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(ignition, f)

  2. Using the OpenStack CLI, create an image that uses the bootstrap Ignition file:

    $ openstack image create --disk-format=raw --container-format=bare --file bootstrap.ign <image_name>

  3. Get the image’s details:

    $ openstack image show <image_name>

    Make a note of the file value; it follows the pattern v2/images/<image_ID>/file.

    Verify that the image you created is active.

  4. Retrieve the image service’s public address:

    $ openstack catalog show image

  5. Combine the public address with the image file value and save the result as the storage location. The location follows the pattern <image_service_public_URL>/v2/images/<image_ID>/file.

  6. Generate an auth token and save the token ID:

    $ openstack token issue -c id -f value

  7. Insert the following content into a file called $INFRA_ID-bootstrap-ignition.json and edit the placeholders to match your own values:

    {
  "ignition": {
    "config": {
      "merge": [{
        "source": "<storage_url>", (1)
        "httpHeaders": [{
          "name": "X-Auth-Token", (2)
          "value": "<token_ID>" (3)
        }]
      }]
    },
    "security": {
      "tls": {
        "certificateAuthorities": [{
          "source": "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,<base64_encoded_certificate>" (4)
        }]
      }
    },
    "version": "3.2.0"
  }
}
    1 Replace the value of ignition.config.merge.source with the bootstrap Ignition file storage URL.
    2 Set name in httpHeaders to "X-Auth-Token".
    3 Set value in httpHeaders to your token’s ID.
    4 If the bootstrap Ignition file server uses a self-signed certificate, include the base64-encoded certificate.

  8. Save the secondary Ignition config file.

The bootstrap Ignition data will be passed to OpenStack during installation.

The bootstrap Ignition file contains sensitive information, like clouds.yaml credentials. Ensure that you store it in a secure place, and delete it after you complete the installation process.

Creating control plane Ignition config files on OpenStack

Installing OKD on OpenStack on your own infrastructure requires control plane Ignition config files. You must create multiple config files.

As with the bootstrap Ignition configuration, you must explicitly define a hostname for each control plane machine.
Prerequisites

  • The infrastructure ID from the installation program’s metadata file is set as an environment variable ($INFRA_ID).

    • If the variable is not set, see "Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files".

Procedure

  • On a command line, run the following Python script:

    $ for index in $(seq 0 2); do
    MASTER_HOSTNAME="$INFRA_ID-master-$index\n"
    python -c "import base64, json, sys;
ignition = json.load(sys.stdin);
storage = ignition.get('storage', {});
files = storage.get('files', []);
files.append({'path': '/etc/hostname', 'mode': 420, 'contents': {'source': 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,' + base64.standard_b64encode(b'$MASTER_HOSTNAME').decode().strip(), 'verification': {}}, 'filesystem': 'root'});
storage['files'] = files;
ignition['storage'] = storage
json.dump(ignition, sys.stdout)" <master.ign >"$INFRA_ID-master-$index-ignition.json"
done

    You now have three control plane Ignition files: <INFRA_ID>-master-0-ignition.json, <INFRA_ID>-master-1-ignition.json, and <INFRA_ID>-master-2-ignition.json.

Creating network resources on OpenStack

Create the network resources that an OKD on OpenStack installation on your own infrastructure requires. To save time, run supplied Ansible playbooks that generate security groups, networks, subnets, routers, and ports.

Prerequisites

  • Python 3 is installed on your machine.

  • You downloaded the modules in "Downloading playbook dependencies".

  • You downloaded the playbooks in "Downloading the installation playbooks".

Procedure

  1. Optional: Add an external network value to the inventory.yaml playbook:

    Example external network value in the inventory.yaml Ansible playbook
    ...
      # The public network providing connectivity to the cluster. If not
      # provided, the cluster external connectivity must be provided in another
      # way.

      # Required for os_api_fip, os_ingress_fip, os_bootstrap_fip.
      os_external_network: 'external'
...

    If you did not provide a value for os_external_network in the inventory.yaml file, you must ensure that VMs can access Glance and an external connection yourself.

  2. Optional: Add external network and floating IP (FIP) address values to the inventory.yaml playbook:

    Example FIP values in the inventory.yaml Ansible playbook
    ...
      # OpenShift API floating IP address. If this value is non-empty, the
      # corresponding floating IP will be attached to the Control Plane to
      # serve the OpenShift API.
      os_api_fip: '203.0.113.23'

      # OpenShift Ingress floating IP address. If this value is non-empty, the
      # corresponding floating IP will be attached to the worker nodes to serve
      # the applications.
      os_ingress_fip: '203.0.113.19'

      # If this value is non-empty, the corresponding floating IP will be
      # attached to the bootstrap machine. This is needed for collecting logs
      # in case of install failure.
      os_bootstrap_fip: '203.0.113.20'

    If you do not define values for os_api_fip and os_ingress_fip, you must perform postinstallation network configuration.

    If you do not define a value for os_bootstrap_fip, the installer cannot download debugging information from failed installations.

    See "Enabling access to the environment" for more information.

  3. On a command line, create security groups by running the security-groups.yaml playbook:

    $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml security-groups.yaml

  4. On a command line, create a network, subnet, and router by running the network.yaml playbook:

    $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml network.yaml

  5. Optional: If you want to control the default resolvers that Nova servers use, run the OpenStack CLI command:

    $ openstack subnet set --dns-nameserver <server_1> --dns-nameserver <server_2> "$INFRA_ID-nodes"

Optionally, you can use the inventory.yaml file that you created to customize your installation. For example, you can deploy a cluster that uses bare metal machines.

Deploying a cluster with bare metal machines

If you want your cluster to use bare metal machines, modify the inventory.yaml file. Your cluster can have both control plane and compute machines running on bare metal, or just compute machines.

Bare-metal compute machines are not supported on clusters that use Kuryr.

Be sure that your install-config.yaml file reflects whether the OpenStack network that you use for bare metal workers supports floating IP addresses or not.
Prerequisites

  • The OpenStack Bare Metal service (Ironic) is enabled and accessible via the OpenStack Compute API.

  • Bare metal is available as a OpenStack flavor.

  • If your cluster runs on an OpenStack version that is more than 16.1.6 and less than 16.2.4, bare metal workers do not function due to a known issue that causes the metadata service to be unavailable for services on OKD nodes.

  • The OpenStack network supports both VM and bare metal server attachment.

  • If you want to deploy the machines on a pre-existing network, a OpenStack subnet is provisioned.

  • If you want to deploy the machines on an installer-provisioned network, the OpenStack Bare Metal service (Ironic) is able to listen for and interact with Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE) boot machines that run on tenant networks.

  • You created an inventory.yaml file as part of the OKD installation process.

Procedure

  1. In the inventory.yaml file, edit the flavors for machines:

    1. If you want to use bare-metal control plane machines, change the value of os_flavor_master to a bare metal flavor.

    2. Change the value of os_flavor_worker to a bare metal flavor.

      An example bare metal inventory.yaml file
      all:
  hosts:
    localhost:
      ansible_connection: local
      ansible_python_interpreter: "{{ansible_playbook_python}}"

      # User-provided values
      os_subnet_range: '10.0.0.0/16'
      os_flavor_master: 'my-bare-metal-flavor' (1)
      os_flavor_worker: 'my-bare-metal-flavor' (2)
      os_image_rhcos: 'rhcos'
      os_external_network: 'external'
...
      1 If you want to have bare-metal control plane machines, change this value to a bare metal flavor.
      2 Change this value to a bare metal flavor to use for compute machines.

Use the updated inventory.yaml file to complete the installation process. Machines that are created during deployment use the flavor that you added to the file.

The installer may time out while waiting for bare metal machines to boot.

If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:

$ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug

Creating the bootstrap machine on OpenStack

Create a bootstrap machine and give it the network access it needs to run on OpenStack. Red Hat provides an Ansible playbook that you run to simplify this process.

Prerequisites

  • You downloaded the modules in "Downloading playbook dependencies".

  • You downloaded the playbooks in "Downloading the installation playbooks".

  • The inventory.yaml, common.yaml, and bootstrap.yaml Ansible playbooks are in a common directory.

  • The metadata.json file that the installation program created is in the same directory as the Ansible playbooks.

Procedure

  1. On a command line, change the working directory to the location of the playbooks.

  2. On a command line, run the bootstrap.yaml playbook:

    $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml bootstrap.yaml

  3. After the bootstrap server is active, view the logs to verify that the Ignition files were received:

    $ openstack console log show "$INFRA_ID-bootstrap"

Creating the control plane machines on OpenStack

Create three control plane machines by using the Ignition config files that you generated. Red Hat provides an Ansible playbook that you run to simplify this process.

Prerequisites

  • You downloaded the modules in "Downloading playbook dependencies".

  • You downloaded the playbooks in "Downloading the installation playbooks".

  • The infrastructure ID from the installation program’s metadata file is set as an environment variable ($INFRA_ID).

  • The inventory.yaml, common.yaml, and control-plane.yaml Ansible playbooks are in a common directory.

  • You have the three Ignition files that were created in "Creating control plane Ignition config files".

Procedure

  1. On a command line, change the working directory to the location of the playbooks.

  2. If the control plane Ignition config files aren’t already in your working directory, copy them into it.

  3. On a command line, run the control-plane.yaml playbook:

    $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml control-plane.yaml

  4. Run the following command to monitor the bootstrapping process:

    $ openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete

    You will see messages that confirm that the control plane machines are running and have joined the cluster:

    INFO API v1.26.0 up
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for bootstrapping to complete...
...
INFO It is now safe to remove the bootstrap resources

Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OKD installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OKD cluster.

  • You installed the oc CLI.

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials:

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig (1)
    1 For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:

    $ oc whoami
    Example output
    system:admin

Deleting bootstrap resources from OpenStack

Delete the bootstrap resources that you no longer need.

Prerequisites

  • You downloaded the modules in "Downloading playbook dependencies".

  • You downloaded the playbooks in "Downloading the installation playbooks".

  • The inventory.yaml, common.yaml, and down-bootstrap.yaml Ansible playbooks are in a common directory.

  • The control plane machines are running.

    • If you do not know the status of the machines, see "Verifying cluster status".

Procedure

  1. On a command line, change the working directory to the location of the playbooks.

  2. On a command line, run the down-bootstrap.yaml playbook:

    $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml down-bootstrap.yaml

The bootstrap port, server, and floating IP address are deleted.

If you did not disable the bootstrap Ignition file URL earlier, do so now.

Creating compute machines on OpenStack

After standing up the control plane, create compute machines. Red Hat provides an Ansible playbook that you run to simplify this process.

Prerequisites

  • You downloaded the modules in "Downloading playbook dependencies".

  • You downloaded the playbooks in "Downloading the installation playbooks".

  • The inventory.yaml, common.yaml, and compute-nodes.yaml Ansible playbooks are in a common directory.

  • The metadata.json file that the installation program created is in the same directory as the Ansible playbooks.

  • The control plane is active.

Procedure

  1. On a command line, change the working directory to the location of the playbooks.

  2. On a command line, run the playbook:

    $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml compute-nodes.yaml
Next steps

  • Approve the certificate signing requests for the machines.

Approving the certificate signing requests for your machines

When you add machines to a cluster, two pending certificate signing requests (CSRs) are generated for each machine that you added. You must confirm that these CSRs are approved or, if necessary, approve them yourself. The client requests must be approved first, followed by the server requests.

Prerequisites

  • You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

  1. Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:

    $ oc get nodes
    Example output
    NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.26.0
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.26.0
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.26.0

    The output lists all of the machines that you created.

    The preceding output might not include the compute nodes, also known as worker nodes, until some CSRs are approved.

  2. Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster:

    $ oc get csr
    Example output
    NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
...

    In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

  3. If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:

    Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After the client CSR is approved, the Kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. Then, subsequent serving certificate renewal requests are automatically approved by the machine-approver if the Kubelet requests a new certificate with identical parameters.

    For clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If a request is not approved, then the oc exec, oc rsh, and oc logs commands cannot succeed, because a serving certificate is required when the API server connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the Kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the CSR was submitted by the node-bootstrapper service account in the system:node or system:admin groups, and confirm the identity of the node.

    • To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:

      $ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> (1)
      1 <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.

    • To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:

      $ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approve

      Some Operators might not become available until some CSRs are approved.

  4. Now that your client requests are approved, you must review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster:

    $ oc get csr
    Example output
    NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...

  5. If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:

    • To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:

      $ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> (1)
      1 <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.

    • To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:

      $ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve

  6. After all client and server CSRs have been approved, the machines have the Ready status. Verify this by running the following command:

    $ oc get nodes
    Example output
    NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  73m  v1.26.0
master-1  Ready     master  73m  v1.26.0
master-2  Ready     master  74m  v1.26.0
worker-0  Ready     worker  11m  v1.26.0
worker-1  Ready     worker  11m  v1.26.0

    It can take a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to transition to the Ready status.
Additional information

Verifying a successful installation

Verify that the OKD installation is complete.

Prerequisites

  • You have the installation program (openshift-install)

Procedure

  • On a command line, enter:

    $ openshift-install --log-level debug wait-for install-complete

The program outputs the console URL, as well as the administrator’s login information.

Additional resources

Next steps