Installing log storage - Logging | Observability

You can use the OpenShift CLI (oc) or the OKD web console to deploy a log store on your OKD cluster.

The Logging 5.9 release does not contain an updated version of the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator. If you currently use the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator released with Logging 5.8, it will continue to work with Logging until the EOL of Logging 5.8. As an alternative to using the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator to manage the default log storage, you can use the Loki Operator. For more information on the Logging lifecycle dates, see Platform Agnostic Operators.

Deploying a Loki log store

You can use the Loki Operator to deploy an internal Loki log store on your OKD cluster. After install the Loki Operator, you must configure Loki object storage by creating a secret, and create a LokiStack custom resource (CR).

Loki deployment sizing

Sizing for Loki follows the format of 1x.<size> where the value 1x is number of instances and <size> specifies performance capabilities.

It is not possible to change the number 1x for the deployment size.

Table 1. Loki sizing
	1x.demo	1x.extra-small	1x.small	1x.medium
Data transfer	Demo use only	100GB/day	500GB/day	2TB/day
Queries per second (QPS)	Demo use only	1-25 QPS at 200ms	25-50 QPS at 200ms	25-75 QPS at 200ms
Replication factor	None	2	2	2
Total CPU requests	None	14 vCPUs	34 vCPUs	54 vCPUs
Total CPU requests if using the ruler	None	16 vCPUs	42 vCPUs	70 vCPUs
Total memory requests	None	31Gi	67Gi	139Gi
Total memory requests if using the ruler	None	35Gi	83Gi	171Gi
Total disk requests	40Gi	430Gi	430Gi	590Gi
Total disk requests if using the ruler	80Gi	750Gi	750Gi	910Gi

Installing Logging and the Loki Operator using the web console

To install and configure logging on your OKD cluster, an Operator such as Loki Operator for log storage must be installed first. This can be done from the OperatorHub within the web console.

Prerequisites

You have access to a supported object store (AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage, Azure, Swift, Minio, OpenShift Data Foundation).
You have administrator permissions.
You have access to the OKD web console.

Procedure

In the OKD web console Administrator perspective, go to Operators → OperatorHub.
Type Loki Operator in the Filter by keyword field. Click Loki Operator in the list of available Operators, and then click Install.

The Community Loki Operator is not supported by Red Hat.

Select stable or stable-x.y as the Update channel.

The stable channel only provides updates to the most recent release of logging. To continue receiving updates for prior releases, you must change your subscription channel to stable-x.y, where x.y represents the major and minor version of logging you have installed. For example, stable-5.7.

The Loki Operator must be deployed to the global operator group namespace openshift-operators-redhat, so the Installation mode and Installed Namespace are already selected. If this namespace does not already exist, it is created for you.

Select Enable Operator-recommended cluster monitoring on this namespace.

This option sets the openshift.io/cluster-monitoring: "true" label in the Namespace object. You must select this option to ensure that cluster monitoring scrapes the openshift-operators-redhat namespace.
For Update approval select Automatic, then click Install.

If the approval strategy in the subscription is set to Automatic, the update process initiates as soon as a new Operator version is available in the selected channel. If the approval strategy is set to Manual, you must manually approve pending updates.
Install the Red Hat OpenShift Logging Operator:
1. In the OKD web console, click Operators → OperatorHub.
2. Choose Red Hat OpenShift Logging from the list of available Operators, and click Install.
3. Ensure that the A specific namespace on the cluster is selected under Installation Mode.
4. Ensure that Operator recommended namespace is openshift-logging under Installed Namespace.
5. Select Enable Operator recommended cluster monitoring on this namespace.
  
  This option sets the openshift.io/cluster-monitoring: "true" label in the Namespace object. You must select this option to ensure that cluster monitoring scrapes the openshift-logging namespace.
6. Select stable-5.y as the Update Channel.
7. Select an Approval Strategy.
  - The Automatic strategy allows Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) to automatically update the Operator when a new version is available.
  - The Manual strategy requires a user with appropriate credentials to approve the Operator update.
8. Click Install.
Go to the Operators → Installed Operators page. Click the All instances tab.
From the Create new drop-down list, select LokiStack.

Select YAML view, and then use the following template to create a LokiStack CR:

Example LokiStack CR

apiVersion: loki.grafana.com/v1
kind: LokiStack
metadata:
  name: logging-loki (1)
  namespace: openshift-logging (2)
spec:
  size: 1x.small (3)
  storage:
    schemas:
    - version: v12
      effectiveDate: "2022-06-01"
    secret:
      name: logging-loki-s3 (4)
      type: s3 (5)
      credentialMode: (6)
  storageClassName: <storage_class_name> (7)
  tenants:
    mode: openshift-logging (8)

1	Use the name `logging-loki`.
2	You must specify the `openshift-logging` namespace.
3	Specify the deployment size. In the logging 5.8 and later versions, the supported size options for production instances of Loki are `1x.extra-small`, `1x.small`, or `1x.medium`.
4	Specify the name of your log store secret.
5	Specify the corresponding storage type.
6	Optional field, logging 5.9 and later. Supported user configured values are as follows: static is the default authentication mode available for all supported object storage types using credentials stored in a Secret. token for short-lived tokens retrieved from a credential source. In this mode the static configuration does not contain credentials needed for the object storage. Instead, they are generated during runtime using a service, which allows for shorter-lived credentials and much more granular control. This authentication mode is not supported for all object storage types. token-cco is the default value when Loki is running on managed STS mode and using CCO on STS/WIF clusters.
7	Specify the name of a storage class for temporary storage. For best performance, specify a storage class that allocates block storage. Available storage classes for your cluster can be listed by using the `oc get storageclasses` command.
8	LokiStack defaults to running in multi-tenant mode, which cannot be modified. One tenant is provided for each log type: audit, infrastructure, and application logs. This enables access control for individual users and user groups to different log streams.

It is not possible to change the number 1x for the deployment size.

Click Create.

Create an OpenShift Logging instance:

Switch to the Administration → Custom Resource Definitions page.
On the Custom Resource Definitions page, click ClusterLogging.
On the Custom Resource Definition details page, select View Instances from the Actions menu.
On the ClusterLoggings page, click Create ClusterLogging.

You might have to refresh the page to load the data.

In the YAML field, replace the code with the following:

apiVersion: logging.openshift.io/v1
kind: ClusterLogging
metadata:
  name: instance (1)
  namespace: openshift-logging (2)
spec:
  collection:
    type: vector
  logStore:
    lokistack:
      name: logging-loki
    retentionPolicy:
      application:
        maxAge: 7d
      audit:
        maxAge: 7d
      infra:
        maxAge: 7d
    type: lokistack
  visualization:
    type: ocp-console
    ocpConsole:
      logsLimit: 15

  managementState: Managed

1	Name must be `instance`.
2	Namespace must be `openshift-logging`.

Verification

Go to Operators → Installed Operators.
Make sure the openshift-logging project is selected.
In the Status column, verify that you see green checkmarks with InstallSucceeded and the text Up to date.

An Operator might display a Failed status before the installation finishes. If the Operator install completes with an InstallSucceeded message, refresh the page.

Creating a secret for Loki object storage by using the web console

To configure Loki object storage, you must create a secret. You can create a secret by using the OKD web console.

Prerequisites

You have administrator permissions.
You have access to the OKD web console.
You installed the Loki Operator.

Procedure

Go to Workloads → Secrets in the Administrator perspective of the OKD web console.
From the Create drop-down list, select From YAML.

Create a secret that uses the access_key_id and access_key_secret fields to specify your credentials and the bucketnames, endpoint, and region fields to define the object storage location. AWS is used in the following example:

Example Secret object

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: logging-loki-s3
  namespace: openshift-logging
stringData:
  access_key_id: AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
  access_key_secret: wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
  bucketnames: s3-bucket-name
  endpoint: https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com
  region: eu-central-1

Additional resources

Loki object storage

Workload identity federation

Workload identity federation enables authentication to cloud-based log stores using short-lived tokens.

Prerequisites

OKD 4.14 and later
Logging 5.9 and later

Procedure

If you use the OKD web console to install the Loki Operator, clusters that use short-lived tokens are automatically detected. You are prompted to create roles and supply the data required for the Loki Operator to create a CredentialsRequest object, which populates a secret.
If you use the OpenShift CLI (oc) to install the Loki Operator, you must manually create a subscription object using the appropriate template for your storage provider, as shown in the following examples. This authentication strategy is only supported for the storage providers indicated.

Azure sample subscription

apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: loki-operator
  namespace: openshift-operators-redhat
spec:
  channel: "stable-5.9"
  installPlanApproval: Manual
  name: loki-operator
  source: redhat-operators
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace
  config:
    env:
      - name: CLIENTID
        value: <your_client_id>
      - name: TENANTID
        value: <your_tenant_id>
      - name: SUBSCRIPTIONID
        value: <your_subscription_id>
      - name: REGION
        value: <your_region>

AWS sample subscription

apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: loki-operator
  namespace: openshift-operators-redhat
spec:
  channel: "stable-5.9"
  installPlanApproval: Manual
  name: loki-operator
  source: redhat-operators
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace
  config:
    env:
    - name: ROLEARN
      value: <role_ARN>

Creating a LokiStack custom resource by using the web console

You can create a LokiStack custom resource (CR) by using the OKD web console.

Prerequisites

You have administrator permissions.
You have access to the OKD web console.
You installed the Loki Operator.

Procedure

Go to the Operators → Installed Operators page. Click the All instances tab.
From the Create new drop-down list, select LokiStack.

Select YAML view, and then use the following template to create a LokiStack CR:

apiVersion: loki.grafana.com/v1
kind: LokiStack
metadata:
  name: logging-loki (1)
  namespace: openshift-logging
spec:
  size: 1x.small (2)
  storage:
    schemas:
      - effectiveDate: '2023-10-15'
        version: v13
    secret:
      name: logging-loki-s3 (3)
      type: s3 (4)
      credentialMode: (5)
  storageClassName: <storage_class_name> (6)
  tenants:
    mode: openshift-logging

1	Use the name `logging-loki`.
2	Specify the deployment size. In the logging 5.8 and later versions, the supported size options for production instances of Loki are `1x.extra-small`, `1x.small`, or `1x.medium`.
3	Specify the secret used for your log storage.
4	Specify the corresponding storage type.
5	Optional field, logging 5.9 and later. Supported user configured values are as follows: `static` is the default authentication mode available for all supported object storage types using credentials stored in a Secret. `token` for short-lived tokens retrieved from a credential source. In this mode the static configuration does not contain credentials needed for the object storage. Instead, they are generated during runtime using a service, which allows for shorter-lived credentials and much more granular control. This authentication mode is not supported for all object storage types. `token-cco` is the default value when Loki is running on managed STS mode and using CCO on STS/WIF clusters.
6	Enter the name of a storage class for temporary storage. For best performance, specify a storage class that allocates block storage. Available storage classes for your cluster can be listed by using the `oc get storageclasses` command.

Installing Logging and the Loki Operator using the CLI

To install and configure logging on your OKD cluster, an Operator such as Loki Operator for log storage must be installed first. This can be done from the OKD CLI.

Prerequisites

You have administrator permissions.
You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).
You have access to a supported object store. For example: AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage, Azure, Swift, Minio, or OpenShift Data Foundation.

Procedure

Create a Namespace object for Loki Operator:

Example Namespace object

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: openshift-operators-redhat (1)
  annotations:
    openshift.io/node-selector: ""
  labels:
    openshift.io/cluster-monitoring: "true" (2)

1 You must specify the openshift-operators-redhat namespace. To prevent possible conflicts with metrics, you should configure the Prometheus Cluster Monitoring stack to scrape metrics from the openshift-operators-redhat namespace and not the openshift-operators namespace. The openshift-operators namespace might contain community Operators, which are untrusted and could publish a metric with the same name as an OKD metric, which would cause conflicts.

2 A string value that specifies the label as shown to ensure that cluster monitoring scrapes the openshift-operators-redhat namespace.

Apply the Namespace object by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```

Create a Subscription object for Loki Operator:

Example Subscription object

apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: loki-operator
  namespace: openshift-operators-redhat (1)
spec:
  channel: stable (2)
  name: loki-operator
  source: redhat-operators (3)
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace

1	You must specify the `openshift-operators-redhat` namespace.
2	Specify `stable`, or `stable-5.<y>` as the channel.
3	Specify `redhat-operators`. If your OKD cluster is installed on a restricted network, also known as a disconnected cluster, specify the name of the `CatalogSource` object you created when you configured the Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM).

Apply the Subscription object by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```

Create a namespace object for the Red Hat OpenShift Logging Operator:

Example namespace object

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: openshift-logging (1)
annotations:
    openshift.io/node-selector: ""
labels:
    openshift.io/cluster-logging: "true"
    openshift.io/cluster-monitoring: "true" (2)

1	The Red Hat OpenShift Logging Operator is only deployable to the `openshift-logging` namespace.
2	A string value that specifies the label as shown to ensure that cluster monitoring scrapes the `openshift-operators-redhat` namespace.

Apply the namespace object by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```

Create an OperatorGroup object

Example OperatorGroup object

apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1
kind: OperatorGroup
metadata:
  name: cluster-logging
  namespace: openshift-logging (1)
spec:
  targetNamespaces:
  - openshift-logging

1	You must specify the `openshift-logging` namespace.

Apply the OperatorGroup object by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```

Create a Subscription object:

apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: cluster-logging
  namespace: openshift-logging (1)
spec:
  channel: stable (2)
  name: cluster-logging
  source: redhat-operators (3)
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace

1	You must specify the `openshift-logging` namespace.
2	Specify `stable`, or `stable-5.<y>` as the channel.
3	Specify `redhat-operators`. If your OKD cluster is installed on a restricted network, also known as a disconnected cluster, specify the name of the CatalogSource object you created when you configured the Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM).

Apply the Subscription object by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```

Create a LokiStack CR:

Example LokiStack CR

apiVersion: loki.grafana.com/v1
kind: LokiStack
metadata:
  name: logging-loki (1)
  namespace: openshift-logging (2)
spec:
  size: 1x.small (3)
  storage:
    schemas:
    - version: v12
      effectiveDate: "2022-06-01"
    secret:
      name: logging-loki-s3 (4)
      type: s3 (5)
      credentialMode: (6)
  storageClassName: <storage_class_name> (7)
  tenants:
    mode: openshift-logging (8)

1	Use the name `logging-loki`.
2	You must specify the `openshift-logging` namespace.
3	Specify the deployment size. In the logging 5.8 and later versions, the supported size options for production instances of Loki are `1x.extra-small`, `1x.small`, or `1x.medium`.
4	Specify the name of your log store secret.
5	Specify the corresponding storage type.
6	Optional field, logging 5.9 and later. Supported user configured values are as follows: `static` is the default authentication mode available for all supported object storage types using credentials stored in a Secret. `token` for short-lived tokens retrieved from a credential source. In this mode the static configuration does not contain credentials needed for the object storage. Instead, they are generated during runtime using a service, which allows for shorter-lived credentials and much more granular control. This authentication mode is not supported for all object storage types. `token-cco` is the default value when Loki is running on managed STS mode and using CCO on STS/WIF clusters.
7	Specify the name of a storage class for temporary storage. For best performance, specify a storage class that allocates block storage. Available storage classes for your cluster can be listed by using the `oc get storageclasses` command.
8	LokiStack defaults to running in multi-tenant mode, which cannot be modified. One tenant is provided for each log type: audit, infrastructure, and application logs. This enables access control for individual users and user groups to different log streams.

Apply the LokiStack CR object by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```

Create a ClusterLogging CR object:

Example ClusterLogging CR object

apiVersion: logging.openshift.io/v1
kind: ClusterLogging
metadata:
  name: instance (1)
  namespace: openshift-logging (2)
spec:
  collection:
    type: vector
  logStore:
    lokistack:
      name: logging-loki
    retentionPolicy:
      application:
        maxAge: 7d
      audit:
        maxAge: 7d
      infra:
        maxAge: 7d
    type: lokistack
  visualization:
    type: ocp-console
    ocpConsole:
      logsLimit: 15
  managementState: Managed

1	Name must be `instance`.
2	Namespace must be `openshift-logging`.

Apply the ClusterLogging CR object by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```

Verify the installation by running the following command:

$ oc get pods -n openshift-logging

Example output

$ oc get pods -n openshift-logging
NAME                                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
cluster-logging-operator-fb7f7cf69-8jsbq           1/1     Running   0          98m
collector-222js                                    2/2     Running   0          18m
collector-g9ddv                                    2/2     Running   0          18m
collector-hfqq8                                    2/2     Running   0          18m
collector-sphwg                                    2/2     Running   0          18m
collector-vv7zn                                    2/2     Running   0          18m
collector-wk5zz                                    2/2     Running   0          18m
logging-view-plugin-6f76fbb78f-n2n4n               1/1     Running   0          18m
lokistack-sample-compactor-0                       1/1     Running   0          42m
lokistack-sample-distributor-7d7688bcb9-dvcj8      1/1     Running   0          42m
lokistack-sample-gateway-5f6c75f879-bl7k9          2/2     Running   0          42m
lokistack-sample-gateway-5f6c75f879-xhq98          2/2     Running   0          42m
lokistack-sample-index-gateway-0                   1/1     Running   0          42m
lokistack-sample-ingester-0                        1/1     Running   0          42m
lokistack-sample-querier-6b7b56bccc-2v9q4          1/1     Running   0          42m
lokistack-sample-query-frontend-84fb57c578-gq2f7   1/1     Running   0          42m

Creating a secret for Loki object storage by using the CLI

To configure Loki object storage, you must create a secret. You can do this by using the OpenShift CLI (oc).

Prerequisites

You have administrator permissions.
You installed the Loki Operator.
You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).

Procedure

Create a secret in the directory that contains your certificate and key files by running the following command:

$ oc create secret generic -n openshift-logging <your_secret_name> \
 --from-file=tls.key=<your_key_file>
 --from-file=tls.crt=<your_crt_file>
 --from-file=ca-bundle.crt=<your_bundle_file>
 --from-literal=username=<your_username>
 --from-literal=password=<your_password>

Use generic or opaque secrets for best results.

Verification

Verify that a secret was created by running the following command:
```
$ oc get secrets
```

Additional resources

Loki object storage

Creating a LokiStack custom resource by using the CLI

You can create a LokiStack custom resource (CR) by using the OpenShift CLI (oc).

Prerequisites

You have administrator permissions.
You installed the Loki Operator.
You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).

Procedure

Create a LokiStack CR:

Example LokiStack CR

apiVersion: loki.grafana.com/v1
kind: LokiStack
metadata:
  name: logging-loki (1)
  namespace: openshift-logging
spec:
  size: 1x.small (2)
  storage:
    schemas:
      - effectiveDate: '2023-10-15'
        version: v13
    secret:
      name: logging-loki-s3 (3)
      type: s3 (4)
      credentialMode: (5)
  storageClassName: <storage_class_name> (6)
  tenants:
    mode: openshift-logging

1	Use the name `logging-loki`.
2	Specify the deployment size. In the logging 5.8 and later versions, the supported size options for production instances of Loki are `1x.extra-small`, `1x.small`, or `1x.medium`.
3	Specify the secret used for your log storage.
4	Specify the corresponding storage type.
5	Optional field, logging 5.9 and later. Supported user configured values are as follows: `static` is the default authentication mode available for all supported object storage types using credentials stored in a Secret. `token` for short-lived tokens retrieved from a credential source. In this mode the static configuration does not contain credentials needed for the object storage. Instead, they are generated during runtime using a service, which allows for shorter-lived credentials and much more granular control. This authentication mode is not supported for all object storage types. `token-cco` is the default value when Loki is running on managed STS mode and using CCO on STS/WIF clusters.
6	Enter the name of a storage class for temporary storage. For best performance, specify a storage class that allocates block storage. Available storage classes for your cluster can be listed by using the `oc get storageclasses` command. Apply the `LokiStack` CR by running the following command:

Verification

Verify the installation by listing the pods in the openshift-logging project by running the following command and observing the output:

$ oc get pods -n openshift-logging

Confirm that you see several pods for components of the logging, similar to the following list:

Example output

NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
cluster-logging-operator-78fddc697-mnl82       1/1     Running   0          14m
collector-6cglq                                2/2     Running   0          45s
collector-8r664                                2/2     Running   0          45s
collector-8z7px                                2/2     Running   0          45s
collector-pdxl9                                2/2     Running   0          45s
collector-tc9dx                                2/2     Running   0          45s
collector-xkd76                                2/2     Running   0          45s
logging-loki-compactor-0                       1/1     Running   0          8m2s
logging-loki-distributor-b85b7d9fd-25j9g       1/1     Running   0          8m2s
logging-loki-distributor-b85b7d9fd-xwjs6       1/1     Running   0          8m2s
logging-loki-gateway-7bb86fd855-hjhl4          2/2     Running   0          8m2s
logging-loki-gateway-7bb86fd855-qjtlb          2/2     Running   0          8m2s
logging-loki-index-gateway-0                   1/1     Running   0          8m2s
logging-loki-index-gateway-1                   1/1     Running   0          7m29s
logging-loki-ingester-0                        1/1     Running   0          8m2s
logging-loki-ingester-1                        1/1     Running   0          6m46s
logging-loki-querier-f5cf9cb87-9fdjd           1/1     Running   0          8m2s
logging-loki-querier-f5cf9cb87-fp9v5           1/1     Running   0          8m2s
logging-loki-query-frontend-58c579fcb7-lfvbc   1/1     Running   0          8m2s
logging-loki-query-frontend-58c579fcb7-tjf9k   1/1     Running   0          8m2s
logging-view-plugin-79448d8df6-ckgmx           1/1     Running   0          46s

Loki object storage

The Loki Operator supports AWS S3, as well as other S3 compatible object stores such as Minio and OpenShift Data Foundation. Azure, GCS, and Swift are also supported.

The recommended nomenclature for Loki storage is logging-loki-<your_storage_provider>.

The following table shows the type values within the LokiStack custom resource (CR) for each storage provider. For more information, see the section on your storage provider.

Table 2. Secret type quick reference
Storage provider	Secret `type` value
AWS	s3
Azure	azure
Google Cloud	gcs
Minio	s3
OpenShift Data Foundation	s3
Swift	swift

AWS storage

Prerequisites

You installed the Loki Operator.
You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).
You created a bucket on AWS.
You created an AWS IAM Policy and IAM User.

Procedure

Create an object storage secret with the name logging-loki-aws by running the following command:

$ oc create secret generic logging-loki-aws \
  --from-literal=bucketnames="<bucket_name>" \
  --from-literal=endpoint="<aws_bucket_endpoint>" \
  --from-literal=access_key_id="<aws_access_key_id>" \
  --from-literal=access_key_secret="<aws_access_key_secret>" \
  --from-literal=region="<aws_region_of_your_bucket>"

AWS storage for STS enabled clusters

If your cluster has STS enabled, the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) supports short-term authentication using AWS tokens.

You can create the Loki object storage secret manually by running the following command:

$ oc -n openshift-logging create secret generic "logging-loki-aws" \
--from-literal=bucketnames="<s3_bucket_name>" \
--from-literal=region="<bucket_region>" \
--from-literal=audience="<oidc_audience>" (1)

1	Optional annotation, default value is `openshift`.

Azure storage

Prerequisites

You installed the Loki Operator.
You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).
You created a bucket on Azure.

Procedure

Create an object storage secret with the name logging-loki-azure by running the following command:

$ oc create secret generic logging-loki-azure \
  --from-literal=container="<azure_container_name>" \
  --from-literal=environment="<azure_environment>" \ (1)
  --from-literal=account_name="<azure_account_name>" \
  --from-literal=account_key="<azure_account_key>"

1	Supported environment values are `AzureGlobal`, `AzureChinaCloud`, `AzureGermanCloud`, or `AzureUSGovernment`.

Azure storage for Microsoft Entra Workload ID enabled clusters

If your cluster has Microsoft Entra Workload ID enabled, the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) supports short-term authentication using Workload ID.

You can create the Loki object storage secret manually by running the following command:

$ oc -n openshift-logging create secret generic logging-loki-azure \
--from-literal=environment="<azure_environment>" \
--from-literal=account_name="<storage_account_name>" \
--from-literal=container="<container_name>"

Google Cloud Platform storage

Prerequisites

You installed the Loki Operator.
You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).
You created a project on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
You created a bucket in the same project.
You created a service account in the same project for GCP authentication.

Procedure

Copy the service account credentials received from GCP into a file called key.json.

Create an object storage secret with the name logging-loki-gcs by running the following command:

$ oc create secret generic logging-loki-gcs \
  --from-literal=bucketname="<bucket_name>" \
  --from-file=key.json="<path/to/key.json>"

Minio storage

Prerequisites

You installed the Loki Operator.
You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).
You have Minio deployed on your cluster.
You created a bucket on Minio.

Procedure

Create an object storage secret with the name logging-loki-minio by running the following command:

$ oc create secret generic logging-loki-minio \
  --from-literal=bucketnames="<bucket_name>" \
  --from-literal=endpoint="<minio_bucket_endpoint>" \
  --from-literal=access_key_id="<minio_access_key_id>" \
  --from-literal=access_key_secret="<minio_access_key_secret>"

OpenShift Data Foundation storage

Prerequisites

You installed the Loki Operator.
You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).
You deployed OpenShift Data Foundation.
You configured your OpenShift Data Foundation cluster for object storage.

Procedure

Create an ObjectBucketClaim custom resource in the openshift-logging namespace:

apiVersion: objectbucket.io/v1alpha1
kind: ObjectBucketClaim
metadata:
  name: loki-bucket-odf
  namespace: openshift-logging
spec:
  generateBucketName: loki-bucket-odf
  storageClassName: openshift-storage.noobaa.io

Get bucket properties from the associated ConfigMap object by running the following command:

BUCKET_HOST=$(oc get -n openshift-logging configmap loki-bucket-odf -o jsonpath='{.data.BUCKET_HOST}')
BUCKET_NAME=$(oc get -n openshift-logging configmap loki-bucket-odf -o jsonpath='{.data.BUCKET_NAME}')
BUCKET_PORT=$(oc get -n openshift-logging configmap loki-bucket-odf -o jsonpath='{.data.BUCKET_PORT}')

Get bucket access key from the associated secret by running the following command:

ACCESS_KEY_ID=$(oc get -n openshift-logging secret loki-bucket-odf -o jsonpath='{.data.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID}' | base64 -d)
SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=$(oc get -n openshift-logging secret loki-bucket-odf -o jsonpath='{.data.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}' | base64 -d)

Create an object storage secret with the name logging-loki-odf by running the following command:

$ oc create -n openshift-logging secret generic logging-loki-odf \
--from-literal=access_key_id="<access_key_id>" \
--from-literal=access_key_secret="<secret_access_key>" \
--from-literal=bucketnames="<bucket_name>" \
--from-literal=endpoint="https://<bucket_host>:<bucket_port>"

Swift storage

Prerequisites

You installed the Loki Operator.
You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).
You created a bucket on Swift.

Procedure

Create an object storage secret with the name logging-loki-swift by running the following command:

$ oc create secret generic logging-loki-swift \
  --from-literal=auth_url="<swift_auth_url>" \
  --from-literal=username="<swift_usernameclaim>" \
  --from-literal=user_domain_name="<swift_user_domain_name>" \
  --from-literal=user_domain_id="<swift_user_domain_id>" \
  --from-literal=user_id="<swift_user_id>" \
  --from-literal=password="<swift_password>" \
  --from-literal=domain_id="<swift_domain_id>" \
  --from-literal=domain_name="<swift_domain_name>" \
  --from-literal=container_name="<swift_container_name>"

You can optionally provide project-specific data, region, or both by running the following command:

$ oc create secret generic logging-loki-swift \
  --from-literal=auth_url="<swift_auth_url>" \
  --from-literal=username="<swift_usernameclaim>" \
  --from-literal=user_domain_name="<swift_user_domain_name>" \
  --from-literal=user_domain_id="<swift_user_domain_id>" \
  --from-literal=user_id="<swift_user_id>" \
  --from-literal=password="<swift_password>" \
  --from-literal=domain_id="<swift_domain_id>" \
  --from-literal=domain_name="<swift_domain_name>" \
  --from-literal=container_name="<swift_container_name>" \
  --from-literal=project_id="<swift_project_id>" \
  --from-literal=project_name="<swift_project_name>" \
  --from-literal=project_domain_id="<swift_project_domain_id>" \
  --from-literal=project_domain_name="<swift_project_domain_name>" \
  --from-literal=region="<swift_region>"

Deploying an Elasticsearch log store

You can use the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator to deploy an internal Elasticsearch log store on your OKD cluster.

Storage considerations for Elasticsearch

A persistent volume is required for each Elasticsearch deployment configuration. On OKD this is achieved using persistent volume claims (PVCs).

If you use a local volume for persistent storage, do not use a raw block volume, which is described with volumeMode: block in the LocalVolume object. Elasticsearch cannot use raw block volumes.

The OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator names the PVCs using the Elasticsearch resource name.

Fluentd ships any logs from systemd journal and /var/log/containers/*.log to Elasticsearch.

Elasticsearch requires sufficient memory to perform large merge operations. If it does not have enough memory, it becomes unresponsive. To avoid this problem, evaluate how much application log data you need, and allocate approximately double that amount of free storage capacity.

By default, when storage capacity is 85% full, Elasticsearch stops allocating new data to the node. At 90%, Elasticsearch attempts to relocate existing shards from that node to other nodes if possible. But if no nodes have a free capacity below 85%, Elasticsearch effectively rejects creating new indices and becomes RED.

These low and high watermark values are Elasticsearch defaults in the current release. You can modify these default values. Although the alerts use the same default values, you cannot change these values in the alerts.

Installing the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator by using the web console

The OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator creates and manages the Elasticsearch cluster used by OpenShift Logging.

Prerequisites

Elasticsearch is a memory-intensive application. Each Elasticsearch node needs at least 16GB of memory for both memory requests and limits, unless you specify otherwise in the ClusterLogging custom resource.

The initial set of OKD nodes might not be large enough to support the Elasticsearch cluster. You must add additional nodes to the OKD cluster to run with the recommended or higher memory, up to a maximum of 64GB for each Elasticsearch node.

Elasticsearch nodes can operate with a lower memory setting, though this is not recommended for production environments.

Ensure that you have the necessary persistent storage for Elasticsearch. Note that each Elasticsearch node requires its own storage volume.

If you use a local volume for persistent storage, do not use a raw block volume, which is described with volumeMode: block in the LocalVolume object. Elasticsearch cannot use raw block volumes.

Procedure

In the OKD web console, click Operators → OperatorHub.
Click OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator from the list of available Operators, and click Install.
Ensure that the All namespaces on the cluster is selected under Installation mode.
Ensure that openshift-operators-redhat is selected under Installed Namespace.

You must specify the openshift-operators-redhat namespace. The openshift-operators namespace might contain Community Operators, which are untrusted and could publish a metric with the same name as OKD metric, which would cause conflicts.
Select Enable operator recommended cluster monitoring on this namespace.

This option sets the openshift.io/cluster-monitoring: "true" label in the Namespace object. You must select this option to ensure that cluster monitoring scrapes the openshift-operators-redhat namespace.
Select stable-5.x as the Update channel.
Select an Update approval strategy:
- The Automatic strategy allows Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) to automatically update the Operator when a new version is available.
- The Manual strategy requires a user with appropriate credentials to approve the Operator update.
Click Install.

Verification

Verify that the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator installed by switching to the Operators → Installed Operators page.
Ensure that OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator is listed in all projects with a Status of Succeeded.

Installing the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator by using the CLI

You can use the OpenShift CLI (oc) to install the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator.

Prerequisites

Ensure that you have the necessary persistent storage for Elasticsearch. Note that each Elasticsearch node requires its own storage volume.

If you use a local volume for persistent storage, do not use a raw block volume, which is described with volumeMode: block in the LocalVolume object. Elasticsearch cannot use raw block volumes.

Elasticsearch is a memory-intensive application. By default, OKD installs three Elasticsearch nodes with memory requests and limits of 16 GB. This initial set of three OKD nodes might not have enough memory to run Elasticsearch within your cluster. If you experience memory issues that are related to Elasticsearch, add more Elasticsearch nodes to your cluster rather than increasing the memory on existing nodes.

Ensure that you have downloaded the pull secret from Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager as shown in "Obtaining the installation program" in the installation documentation for your platform.

If you have the pull secret, add the redhat-operators catalog to the OperatorHub custom resource (CR) as shown in Configuring OKD to use Red Hat Operators.
You have administrator permissions.
You have installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).

Procedure

Create a Namespace object as a YAML file:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: openshift-operators-redhat (1)
  annotations:
    openshift.io/node-selector: ""
  labels:
    openshift.io/cluster-monitoring: "true" (2)

1 You must specify the openshift-operators-redhat namespace. To prevent possible conflicts with metrics, configure the Prometheus Cluster Monitoring stack to scrape metrics from the openshift-operators-redhat namespace and not the openshift-operators namespace. The openshift-operators namespace might contain community Operators, which are untrusted and could publish a metric with the same name as metric, which would cause conflicts.

2 String. You must specify this label as shown to ensure that cluster monitoring scrapes the openshift-operators-redhat namespace.

Apply the Namespace object by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```

Create an OperatorGroup object as a YAML file:

apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1
kind: OperatorGroup
metadata:
  name: openshift-operators-redhat
  namespace: openshift-operators-redhat (1)
spec: {}

1	You must specify the `openshift-operators-redhat` namespace.

Apply the OperatorGroup object by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```

Create a Subscription object to subscribe the namespace to the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator:

Example Subscription

apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: elasticsearch-operator
  namespace: openshift-operators-redhat (1)
spec:
  channel: stable-x.y (2)
  installPlanApproval: Automatic (3)
  source: redhat-operators (4)
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace
  name: elasticsearch-operator

1	You must specify the `openshift-operators-redhat` namespace.
2	Specify `stable`, or `stable-x.y` as the channel. See the following note.
3	`Automatic` allows the Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) to automatically update the Operator when a new version is available. `Manual` requires a user with appropriate credentials to approve the Operator update.
4	Specify `redhat-operators`. If your OKD cluster is installed on a restricted network, also known as a disconnected cluster, specify the name of the `CatalogSource` object created when you configured the Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM).

Specifying stable installs the current version of the latest stable release. Using stable with installPlanApproval: "Automatic" automatically upgrades your Operators to the latest stable major and minor release.

Specifying stable-x.y installs the current minor version of a specific major release. Using stable-x.y with installPlanApproval: "Automatic" automatically upgrades your Operators to the latest stable minor release within the major release.

Apply the subscription by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```
The OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator is installed to the openshift-operators-redhat namespace and copied to each project in the cluster.

Verification

Run the following command:
```
$ oc get csv -n --all-namespaces
```

Observe the output and confirm that pods for the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator exist in each namespace

Example output

NAMESPACE                                          NAME                            DISPLAY                            VERSION          REPLACES                        PHASE
default                                            elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.1   OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator   5.8.1            elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.0   Succeeded
kube-node-lease                                    elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.1   OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator   5.8.1            elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.0   Succeeded
kube-public                                        elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.1   OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator   5.8.1            elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.0   Succeeded
kube-system                                        elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.1   OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator   5.8.1            elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.0   Succeeded
non-destructive-test                               elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.1   OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator   5.8.1            elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.0   Succeeded
openshift-apiserver-operator                       elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.1   OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator   5.8.1            elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.0   Succeeded
openshift-apiserver                                elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.1   OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator   5.8.1            elasticsearch-operator.v5.8.0   Succeeded
...

Configuring log storage

You can configure which log storage type your logging uses by modifying the ClusterLogging custom resource (CR).

Prerequisites

You have administrator permissions.
You have installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).
You have installed the Red Hat OpenShift Logging Operator and an internal log store that is either the LokiStack or Elasticsearch.
You have created a ClusterLogging CR.

Procedure

Modify the ClusterLogging CR logStore spec:

ClusterLogging CR example

apiVersion: logging.openshift.io/v1
kind: ClusterLogging
metadata:
# ...
spec:
# ...
  logStore:
    type: <log_store_type> (1)
    elasticsearch: (2)
      nodeCount: <integer>
      resources: {}
      storage: {}
      redundancyPolicy: <redundancy_type> (3)
    lokistack: (4)
      name: {}
# ...

1	Specify the log store type. This can be either `lokistack` or `elasticsearch`.
2	Optional configuration options for the Elasticsearch log store.
3	Specify the redundancy type. This value can be `ZeroRedundancy`, `SingleRedundancy`, `MultipleRedundancy`, or `FullRedundancy`.
4	Optional configuration options for LokiStack.

Example ClusterLogging CR to specify LokiStack as the log store

apiVersion: logging.openshift.io/v1
kind: ClusterLogging
metadata:
  name: instance
  namespace: openshift-logging
spec:
  managementState: Managed
  logStore:
    type: lokistack
    lokistack:
      name: logging-loki
# ...

Apply the ClusterLogging CR by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <filename>.yaml
```