$ podman login registry.redhat.io
You can install the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) on OKD 3 and 4.
After you install the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator on OKD 4.17 by using the Operator Lifecycle Manager, you manually install the legacy Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator on OKD 3.
By default, the MTC web console and the Migration Controller
pod run on the target cluster. You can configure the Migration Controller
custom resource manifest to run the MTC web console and the Migration Controller
pod on a source cluster or on a remote cluster.
After you have installed MTC, you must configure an object storage to use as a replication repository.
To uninstall MTC, see Uninstalling MTC and deleting resources.
You must install the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) Operator that is compatible with your OKD version.
The cluster that runs the MTC controller and GUI.
A source or destination cluster for a migration that runs Velero. The Control Cluster communicates with Remote clusters using the Velero API to drive migrations.
You must use the compatible MTC version for migrating your OKD clusters. For the migration to succeed, both your source cluster and the destination cluster must use the same version of MTC.
MTC 1.7 supports migrations from OKD 3.11 to 4.17.
MTC 1.8 only supports migrations from OKD 4.14 and later.
Details | OKD 3.11 | OKD 4.14 or later |
---|---|---|
Stable MTC version |
MTC v.1.7.z |
MTC v.1.8.z |
Installation |
As described in this guide |
Install with OLM, release channel |
Edge cases exist where network restrictions prevent OKD 4 clusters from connecting to other clusters involved in the migration. For example, when migrating from an OKD 3.11 cluster on premises to a OKD 4 cluster in the cloud, the OKD 4 cluster might have trouble connecting to the OKD 3.11 cluster. In this case, it is possible to designate the OKD 3.11 cluster as the control cluster and push workloads to the remote OKD 4 cluster.
You can install the legacy Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator manually on OKD 3.
You must be logged in as a user with cluster-admin
privileges on all clusters.
You must have access to registry.redhat.io
.
You must have podman
installed.
You must create an image stream secret and copy it to each node in the cluster.
Log in to registry.redhat.io
with your Red Hat Customer Portal credentials:
$ podman login registry.redhat.io
Download the operator.yml
file by entering the following command:
podman cp $(podman create registry.redhat.io/rhmtc/openshift-migration-legacy-rhel8-operator:v1.7):/operator.yml ./
Download the controller.yml
file by entering the following command:
podman cp $(podman create registry.redhat.io/rhmtc/openshift-migration-legacy-rhel8-operator:v1.7):/controller.yml ./
Log in to your OKD source cluster.
Verify that the cluster can authenticate with registry.redhat.io
:
$ oc run test --image registry.redhat.io/ubi9 --command sleep infinity
Create the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator object:
$ oc create -f operator.yml
namespace/openshift-migration created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:deployers created
serviceaccount/migration-operator created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/migrationcontrollers.migration.openshift.io created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/migration-operator created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/migration-operator created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/migration-operator created
deployment.apps/migration-operator created
Error from server (AlreadyExists): error when creating "./operator.yml":
rolebindings.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "system:image-builders" already exists (1)
Error from server (AlreadyExists): error when creating "./operator.yml":
rolebindings.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "system:image-pullers" already exists
1 | You can ignore Error from server (AlreadyExists) messages. They are caused by the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator creating resources for earlier versions of OKD 4 that are provided in later releases. |
Create the MigrationController
object:
$ oc create -f controller.yml
Verify that the MTC pods are running:
$ oc get pods -n openshift-migration
You install the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator on OKD 4.17 by using the Operator Lifecycle Manager.
You must be logged in as a user with cluster-admin
privileges on all clusters.
In the OKD web console, click Operators → OperatorHub.
Use the Filter by keyword field to find the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator.
Select the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator and click Install.
Click Install.
On the Installed Operators page, the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator appears in the openshift-migration project with the status Succeeded.
Click Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator.
Under Provided APIs, locate the Migration Controller tile, and click Create Instance.
Click Create.
Click Workloads → Pods to verify that the MTC pods are running.
For OKD 4.1 and earlier versions, you must configure proxies in the MigrationController
custom resource (CR) manifest after you install the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator because these versions do not support a cluster-wide proxy
object.
For OKD 4.2 to 4.17, the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) inherits the cluster-wide proxy settings. You can change the proxy parameters if you want to override the cluster-wide proxy settings.
Direct Volume Migration (DVM) was introduced in MTC 1.4.2. DVM supports only one proxy. The source cluster cannot access the route of the target cluster if the target cluster is also behind a proxy.
If you want to perform a DVM from a source cluster behind a proxy, you must configure a TCP proxy that works at the transport layer and forwards the SSL connections transparently without decrypting and re-encrypting them with their own SSL certificates. A Stunnel proxy is an example of such a proxy.
You can set up a direct connection between the source and the target cluster through a TCP proxy and configure the stunnel_tcp_proxy
variable in the MigrationController
CR to use the proxy:
apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigrationController
metadata:
name: migration-controller
namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
[...]
stunnel_tcp_proxy: http://username:password@ip:port
Direct volume migration (DVM) supports only basic authentication for the proxy. Moreover, DVM works only from behind proxies that can tunnel a TCP connection transparently. HTTP/HTTPS proxies in man-in-the-middle mode do not work. The existing cluster-wide proxies might not support this behavior. As a result, the proxy settings for DVM are intentionally kept different from the usual proxy configuration in MTC.
You can enable DVM by running Rsync between the source and the target cluster over an OpenShift route. Traffic is encrypted using Stunnel, a TCP proxy. The Stunnel running on the source cluster initiates a TLS connection with the target Stunnel and transfers data over an encrypted channel.
Cluster-wide HTTP/HTTPS proxies in OpenShift are usually configured in man-in-the-middle mode where they negotiate their own TLS session with the outside servers. However, this does not work with Stunnel. Stunnel requires that its TLS session be untouched by the proxy, essentially making the proxy a transparent tunnel which simply forwards the TCP connection as-is. Therefore, you must use a TCP proxy.
Upgrade request required
The migration Controller uses the SPDY protocol to execute commands within remote pods. If the remote cluster is behind a proxy or a firewall that does not support the SPDY protocol, the migration controller fails to execute remote commands. The migration fails with the error message Upgrade request required
.
Workaround: Use a proxy that supports the SPDY protocol.
In addition to supporting the SPDY protocol, the proxy or firewall also must pass the Upgrade
HTTP header to the API server. The client uses this header to open a websocket connection with the API server. If the Upgrade
header is blocked by the proxy or firewall, the migration fails with the error message Upgrade request required
.
Workaround: Ensure that the proxy forwards the Upgrade
header.
OpenShift supports restricting traffic to or from pods using NetworkPolicy or EgressFirewalls based on the network plugin used by the cluster. If any of the source namespaces involved in a migration use such mechanisms to restrict network traffic to pods, the restrictions might inadvertently stop traffic to Rsync pods during migration.
Rsync pods running on both the source and the target clusters must connect to each other over an OpenShift Route. Existing NetworkPolicy or EgressNetworkPolicy objects can be configured to automatically exempt Rsync pods from these traffic restrictions.
You can use the unique labels of Rsync pods to allow egress traffic to pass from them if the NetworkPolicy
configuration in the source or destination namespaces blocks this type of traffic. The following policy allows all egress traffic from Rsync pods in the namespace:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: allow-all-egress-from-rsync-pods
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
owner: directvolumemigration
app: directvolumemigration-rsync-transfer
egress:
- {}
policyTypes:
- Egress
The EgressNetworkPolicy
object or Egress Firewalls are OpenShift constructs designed to block egress traffic leaving the cluster.
Unlike the NetworkPolicy
object, the Egress Firewall works at a project level because it applies to all pods in the namespace. Therefore, the unique labels of Rsync pods do not exempt only Rsync pods from the restrictions. However, you can add the CIDR ranges of the source or target cluster to the Allow rule of the policy so that a direct connection can be setup between two clusters.
Based on which cluster the Egress Firewall is present in, you can add the CIDR range of the other cluster to allow egress traffic between the two:
apiVersion: network.openshift.io/v1
kind: EgressNetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: test-egress-policy
namespace: <namespace>
spec:
egress:
- to:
cidrSelector: <cidr_of_source_or_target_cluster>
type: Deny
By default, DVM uses an OKD route as an endpoint to transfer PV data to destination clusters. You can choose another type of supported endpoint, if cluster topologies allow.
For each cluster, you can configure an endpoint by setting the rsync_endpoint_type
variable on the appropriate destination cluster in your MigrationController
CR:
apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigrationController
metadata:
name: migration-controller
namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
[...]
rsync_endpoint_type: [NodePort|ClusterIP|Route]
When your PVCs use a shared storage, you can configure the access to that storage by adding supplemental groups to Rsync pod definitions in order for the pods to allow access:
Variable | Type | Default | Description |
---|---|---|---|
|
string |
Not set |
Comma-separated list of supplemental groups for source Rsync pods |
|
string |
Not set |
Comma-separated list of supplemental groups for target Rsync pods |
The MigrationController
CR can be updated to set values for these supplemental groups:
spec:
src_supplemental_groups: "1000,2000"
target_supplemental_groups: "2000,3000"
You must be logged in as a user with cluster-admin
privileges on all clusters.
Get the MigrationController
CR manifest:
$ oc get migrationcontroller <migration_controller> -n openshift-migration
Update the proxy parameters:
apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigrationController
metadata:
name: <migration_controller>
namespace: openshift-migration
...
spec:
stunnel_tcp_proxy: http://<username>:<password>@<ip>:<port> (1)
noProxy: example.com (2)
1 | Stunnel proxy URL for direct volume migration. |
2 | Comma-separated list of destination domain names, domains, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude proxying. |
Preface a domain with .
to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com
matches x.y.com
, but not y.com
. Use *
to bypass proxy for all destinations.
If you scale up workers that are not included in the network defined by the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr
field from the installation configuration, you must add them to this list to prevent connection issues.
This field is ignored if neither the httpProxy
nor the httpsProxy
field is set.
Save the manifest as migration-controller.yaml
.
Apply the updated manifest:
$ oc replace -f migration-controller.yaml -n openshift-migration
For more information, see Configuring the cluster-wide proxy.
You must configure an object storage to use as a replication repository. The Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) copies data from the source cluster to the replication repository, and then from the replication repository to the target cluster.
MTC supports the file system and snapshot data copy methods for migrating data from the source cluster to the target cluster. You can select a method that is suited for your environment and is supported by your storage provider.
The following storage providers are supported:
Generic S3 object storage, for example, Minio or Ceph S3
All clusters must have uninterrupted network access to the replication repository.
If you use a proxy server with an internally hosted replication repository, you must ensure that the proxy allows access to the replication repository.
You must retrieve the Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG) credentials and S3 endpoint, which you need to configure MCG as a replication repository for the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC)
You must retrieve the Multicloud Object Gateway (MCG) credentials, which you need to create a Secret
custom resource (CR) for MTC.
Although the MCG Operator is deprecated, the MCG plugin is still available for OpenShift Data Foundation. To download the plugin, browse to Download Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation and download the appropriate MCG plugin for your operating system. |
Ensure that you have downloaded the pull secret from Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager as shown in Obtaining the installation program in the installation documentation for your platform.
If you have the pull secret, add the redhat-operators
catalog to the OperatorHub custom resource (CR) as shown in Configuring OKD to use Red Hat Operators.
You must deploy OpenShift Data Foundation by using the appropriate Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation deployment guide.
Obtain the S3 endpoint, AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
, and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
by running the describe
command on the NooBaa
custom resource.
You use these credentials to add MCG as a replication repository.
You configure Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 object storage as a replication repository for the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC).
You must have the AWS CLI installed.
The AWS S3 storage bucket must be accessible to the source and target clusters.
If you are using the snapshot copy method:
You must have access to EC2 Elastic Block Storage (EBS).
The source and target clusters must be in the same region.
The source and target clusters must have the same storage class.
The storage class must be compatible with snapshots.
Set the BUCKET
variable:
$ BUCKET=<your_bucket>
Set the REGION
variable:
$ REGION=<your_region>
Create an AWS S3 bucket:
$ aws s3api create-bucket \
--bucket $BUCKET \
--region $REGION \
--create-bucket-configuration LocationConstraint=$REGION (1)
1 | us-east-1 does not support a LocationConstraint . If your region is us-east-1 , omit --create-bucket-configuration LocationConstraint=$REGION . |
Create an IAM user:
$ aws iam create-user --user-name velero (1)
1 | If you want to use Velero to back up multiple clusters with multiple S3 buckets, create a unique user name for each cluster. |
Create a velero-policy.json
file:
$ cat > velero-policy.json <<EOF
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"ec2:DescribeVolumes",
"ec2:DescribeSnapshots",
"ec2:CreateTags",
"ec2:CreateVolume",
"ec2:CreateSnapshot",
"ec2:DeleteSnapshot"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"s3:GetObject",
"s3:DeleteObject",
"s3:PutObject",
"s3:AbortMultipartUpload",
"s3:ListMultipartUploadParts"
],
"Resource": [
"arn:aws:s3:::${BUCKET}/*"
]
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"s3:ListBucket",
"s3:GetBucketLocation",
"s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads"
],
"Resource": [
"arn:aws:s3:::${BUCKET}"
]
}
]
}
EOF
Attach the policies to give the velero
user the minimum necessary permissions:
$ aws iam put-user-policy \
--user-name velero \
--policy-name velero \
--policy-document file://velero-policy.json
Create an access key for the velero
user:
$ aws iam create-access-key --user-name velero
{
"AccessKey": {
"UserName": "velero",
"Status": "Active",
"CreateDate": "2017-07-31T22:24:41.576Z",
"SecretAccessKey": <AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY>,
"AccessKeyId": <AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID>
}
}
Record the AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
and the AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
. You use the credentials to add AWS as a replication repository.
You configure a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) storage bucket as a replication repository for the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC).
You must have the gcloud
and gsutil
CLI tools installed. See the Google cloud documentation for details.
The GCP storage bucket must be accessible to the source and target clusters.
If you are using the snapshot copy method:
The source and target clusters must be in the same region.
The source and target clusters must have the same storage class.
The storage class must be compatible with snapshots.
Log in to GCP:
$ gcloud auth login
Set the BUCKET
variable:
$ BUCKET=<bucket> (1)
1 | Specify your bucket name. |
Create the storage bucket:
$ gsutil mb gs://$BUCKET/
Set the PROJECT_ID
variable to your active project:
$ PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
Create a service account:
$ gcloud iam service-accounts create velero \
--display-name "Velero service account"
List your service accounts:
$ gcloud iam service-accounts list
Set the SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL
variable to match its email
value:
$ SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL=$(gcloud iam service-accounts list \
--filter="displayName:Velero service account" \
--format 'value(email)')
Attach the policies to give the velero
user the minimum necessary permissions:
$ ROLE_PERMISSIONS=(
compute.disks.get
compute.disks.create
compute.disks.createSnapshot
compute.snapshots.get
compute.snapshots.create
compute.snapshots.useReadOnly
compute.snapshots.delete
compute.zones.get
storage.objects.create
storage.objects.delete
storage.objects.get
storage.objects.list
iam.serviceAccounts.signBlob
)
Create the velero.server
custom role:
$ gcloud iam roles create velero.server \
--project $PROJECT_ID \
--title "Velero Server" \
--permissions "$(IFS=","; echo "${ROLE_PERMISSIONS[*]}")"
Add IAM policy binding to the project:
$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $PROJECT_ID \
--member serviceAccount:$SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL \
--role projects/$PROJECT_ID/roles/velero.server
Update the IAM service account:
$ gsutil iam ch serviceAccount:$SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL:objectAdmin gs://${BUCKET}
Save the IAM service account keys to the credentials-velero
file in the current directory:
$ gcloud iam service-accounts keys create credentials-velero \
--iam-account $SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL
You use the credentials-velero
file to add GCP as a replication repository.
You configure a Microsoft Azure Blob storage container as a replication repository for the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC).
You must have the Azure CLI installed.
The Azure Blob storage container must be accessible to the source and target clusters.
If you are using the snapshot copy method:
The source and target clusters must be in the same region.
The source and target clusters must have the same storage class.
The storage class must be compatible with snapshots.
Log in to Azure:
$ az login
Set the AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP
variable:
$ AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP=Velero_Backups
Create an Azure resource group:
$ az group create -n $AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP --location CentralUS (1)
1 | Specify your location. |
Set the AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID
variable:
$ AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID="velero$(uuidgen | cut -d '-' -f5 | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')"
Create an Azure storage account:
$ az storage account create \
--name $AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID \
--resource-group $AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP \
--sku Standard_GRS \
--encryption-services blob \
--https-only true \
--kind BlobStorage \
--access-tier Hot
Set the BLOB_CONTAINER
variable:
$ BLOB_CONTAINER=velero
Create an Azure Blob storage container:
$ az storage container create \
-n $BLOB_CONTAINER \
--public-access off \
--account-name $AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID
Create a service principal and credentials for velero
:
$ AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID=`az account list --query '[?isDefault].id' -o tsv`
AZURE_TENANT_ID=`az account list --query '[?isDefault].tenantId' -o tsv`
Create a service principal with the Contributor
role, assigning a specific --role
and --scopes
:
$ AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=`az ad sp create-for-rbac --name "velero" \
--role "Contributor" \
--query 'password' -o tsv \
--scopes /subscriptions/$AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID/resourceGroups/$AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP`
The CLI generates a password for you. Ensure you capture the password.
After creating the service principal, obtain the client id.
$ AZURE_CLIENT_ID=`az ad app credential list --id <your_app_id>`
For this to be successful, you must know your Azure application ID. |
Save the service principal credentials in the credentials-velero
file:
$ cat << EOF > ./credentials-velero
AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID=${AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID}
AZURE_TENANT_ID=${AZURE_TENANT_ID}
AZURE_CLIENT_ID=${AZURE_CLIENT_ID}
AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=${AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET}
AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP=${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP}
AZURE_CLOUD_NAME=AzurePublicCloud
EOF
You use the credentials-velero
file to add Azure as a replication repository.
You can uninstall the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) and delete its resources to clean up the cluster.
Deleting the |
You must be logged in as a user with cluster-admin
privileges.
Delete the MigrationController
custom resource (CR) on all clusters:
$ oc delete migrationcontroller <migration_controller>
Uninstall the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator on OKD 4 by using the Operator Lifecycle Manager.
Delete cluster-scoped resources on all clusters by running the following commands:
migration
custom resource definitions (CRDs):
$ oc delete $(oc get crds -o name | grep 'migration.openshift.io')
velero
CRDs:
$ oc delete $(oc get crds -o name | grep 'velero')
migration
cluster roles:
$ oc delete $(oc get clusterroles -o name | grep 'migration.openshift.io')
migration-operator
cluster role:
$ oc delete clusterrole migration-operator
velero
cluster roles:
$ oc delete $(oc get clusterroles -o name | grep 'velero')
migration
cluster role bindings:
$ oc delete $(oc get clusterrolebindings -o name | grep 'migration.openshift.io')
migration-operator
cluster role bindings:
$ oc delete clusterrolebindings migration-operator
velero
cluster role bindings:
$ oc delete $(oc get clusterrolebindings -o name | grep 'velero')